Association of Lateralized Interictal Epileptiform Discharges with Postsurgical Seizure Outcomes in Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A 10-Year Retrospective Study at a Single Center

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of TSC patients enrolled in the study.

Characteristics	Values
Sex
Male	40 (48.8)
Female	42 (51.2)
IQ	57.4 (30-93)
Type of variant in TSC gene
TSC1	11 (13.4)
TSC2	53 (64.6)
No variation	18 (22)
Age at onset (month)	26.83 (1-216)
Number of seizure types	1.87 (1-4)
Frequency of seizure
1-3/w	22 (26.8)
4-10/w	30 (36.6)
>10/w	30 (36.6)
Number of ASMs	2.52 (0-4)
CT/MRI
Cyst	18 (22.0)
Calcification	27 (32.9)
SEN	71 (86.6)
SEGA	25 (30.5)
Number of tubers
1-3	13 (15.9)
4-6	54 (65.8)
>6	15 (18.3)
Number of epileptogenic tubers
1	42 (51.2)
2	29 (35.4)
3	11 (13.4)
Total resection of epileptogenic tubers
Yes	67 (81.7)
No	15 (18.3)
Interictal scalp video-EEG
Focal	12 (14.6)
Lateralized	31 (37.8)
Multifocal	14 (17.1)
Generalized	25 (30.5)
Ictal scalp video-EEG
Focal	19 (23.2)
Lateralized	33 (40.2)
Multifocal	17 (20.7)
Generalized	13 (15.9)
Surgery approach
Single tuberectomy	13 (15.9)
Multiple tuberectomy	9 (11.0)
Lobectomy	6 (7.3)
Lobectomy+tuberectomy	54 (65.8)
Postsurgical seizure outcomes
1-year follow-up^a
SF	68 (82.9)
No-SF	14 (17.1)
5-year follow-up^b
SF	53 (70.7)
No-SF	22 (29.3)
10-year follow-up^c
SF	43 (75.4)
No-SF	14 (24.6)

Abbreviations: TSC: tuberous sclerosis complex; ASMs: antiseizure medications; SEN: subependymal nodules; SEGA: subependymal giant cell astrocytoma; SF: seizure freedom. Values are (%) or mean (range). ^aAvailable patient data . ^bAvailable patient data . ^cAvailable patient data .