Sociodemographic Factors, Nutritional Status, and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

Table 5

Gastrointestinal symptoms.

	Controls	POTS	value
Abdominal pain (5 (1-15))	0	30 (11–62)	<0.001
Diarrhea (3 (0–10))	0	28 (0–64)	<0.001
Constipation (9 (1–22))	0 (0–13)	53 (7–74)	<0.001
Bloating and flatulence (14 (1–29))	0 (0–10)	65 (14–88)	<0.001
Vomiting and nausea (2 (0–3))	0	44 (21–70)	<0.001
Intestinal symptoms influence on daily life (2 (0–18))	0 (0–7)	50 (22–61)	<0.001
Psychological well-being (4 (0–16))	3 (0–18)	52 (20–76)	<0.001

POTS: postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed by the visual analog scale for irritable bowel syndrome, 0–100 mm, where 0 represents no symptoms and 100 maximal symptoms [19]. Reference values for VAS-IBS from healthy women are shown within brackets [20]. Values are given as median and interquartile ranges. Mann–Whitney U test. was considered statistically significant.