Serum Markers of Neuronal Damage and Astrocyte Activity in Patients with Chronic Epilepsy: Elevated Levels of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein

Table 1

Serum levels of GFAP, NSE, S100, and furin in healthy control group and patients with epilepsy.

	Mann–Whitney U test			Mann–Whitney U test
	Controls (range)	Patients (range)	value	CBZ (range)	LTG (range)	LEV (range)
GFAP (pg/ml)	170 (60-15000)	190 (70-15000)	0.042	184 (77-12335)	176 (70-6809)	275 (90-1500)
NSE (ng/ml)	4.1 (1.9-33.7)	4.4 (2.0-12.4)	0.587	4.6 (2.1-12.4)	4.4 (2.2-12.4)	4.4 (2.0-10.9)
S100B (ng/ml)	130 (89-1962)	119 (80-4129)	0.112	117 (84-4129)	126 (80-914)	115 (98-248)
Furin (ng/ml)	0.31 (0.15-0.85)	0.28 (0.4-5.00)	0.596	0.28 (0.13-5.0)	0.34 (0.13-5.00)	0.25 (0.11-0.47)

Significant value is achieved at the . GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; NSE: neuron-specific enolase; S100B: S100 Ca²⁺-binding protein B; CBZ: carbamazepine; LTG: lamotrigine; LEV: levetiracetam; N: number. adjusted for age, sex, and BMI.