Changes in Retinal Thickness and Brain Volume during 6.8-Year Escalating Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis

Table 3

Estimated mean of GCIPL, pRNFL, BPF, EDSS, and MSSS.

	Baseline (untreated)		1st-line DMT		High-efficacy DMT		Changes per year
Patients,	12		18		18			NA
Examinations,	26		66		64			NA
GCIPL, μm	74.57	(71.19–77.94)	73.48^1	(70.13-76.83)	73.85^2	(70.49–77.20)	-0.22^3	(-0.29–-0.15)
pRNFL, μm	87.86	(82.53–93.19)	86.26^4	(81.02–91.49)	86.91	(81.96–92.77)	-0.48^5	(-0.68–-0.28)
BPF, %	—	—	87.8	(85.8–89.7)	86.9^6	(84.9–88.8)	-0.2^7	(-0.3–-0.1)
EDSS	0.64	(0.23–1.05)	0.90	(0.55–1.25)	0.81	(0.44–1.18)	0.02	(-0.02–0.06)
MSSS	1.10	(0.36–1.85)	1.13	(0.51–1.75)	1.25	(0.33–0.61)	-0.07	(-0.13–-0.00)

Abbreviations: NA: not applicable; DMT: disease-modifying treatment; GCIPL: ganglion cell inner-plexiform layer; pRNFL: peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer; BPF: brain parenchymal fraction; EDSS: expanded disability status scale; MSSS: multiple sclerosis severity score; estimated mean values according to generalized linear mixed models analyses (GLMM), mean (95% C.I.): ¹ GCIPL: GLMM: pairwise comparison of fixed coefficients: baseline vs. 1^st-line DMT. ² GCIPL: GLMM: pairwise comparison of fixed coefficients: baseline vs. high-efficacy DMT. ³ GCIPL: GLMM: fixed coefficient changes over time. ⁴ pRNFL: GLMM: pairwise comparison of fixed coefficients: baseline vs. 1^st-line DMT. ⁵ pRNFL: GLMM: fixed coefficient changes over time. ⁶ BPF: GLMM: pairwise comparison of fixed coefficients: 1^st-line DMT vs. high-efficacy DMT. ⁷ BPF: GLMM: fixed coefficient changes over time.