The Impact of COVID-19 on Parkinson’s Disease: A Case-Controlled Registry and Questionnaire Study on Clinical Markers and Patients’ Perceptions

Table 2

Registry study cases and controls before and after COVID-19. To be considered pre- or post-COVID-19, the data point had to be the closest to a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and no longer than 1 year from the date of infection. For the control group, the data points are matched to the date when SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed. Data is shown as the median (first quartile, third quartile) unless otherwise noted.

	COVID-19		Control		Total
	45		73		118
Sex (M/F)	31/14		48/25		79/39
Age (years)	67 (59.5, 76.5)		71 (62, 78.5)		70 (62, 78)
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post
CISI-PD	8 (4, 12)	8 (4, 12.5)	7 (4, 11)	9 (4.75, 13)	7 (4, 11)	9 (4, 13)	0.552
NMSQ	10 (9, 11)	11 (6, 15)	8 (5.5, 13.5)	11 (6, 16.5)	9 (6, 13)	11 (6, 15.75)	0.813
PDQ-8	8 (2, 11)	10 (4, 16)	8.5 (3.25, 14)	9 (4, 15)	8 (3, 13)	9.5 (4, 15)	0.794
EQ-5D-5Lindex	0.77 (0.56, 0.86)	0.73 (0.40, 0.86)	0.69 (0.52, 0.83)	0.60 (0.40, 0.82)	0.72 (0.54, 0.84)	0.64 (0.40, 0.83)	0.898

CISI-PD: Clinical Impression of Severity Index for Parkinson’s Disease; NMSQ: Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire; PDQ-8: 8-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire; EQ-5D-5L: EuroQol-5 Dimension European Quality of Life Five Dimension Five Level. (statistical significance) in the Mann–Whitney -test testing differences between the RS case and control group post-COVID-19.