Acta Neurologica Scandinavica

Research Article

The Impact of COVID-19 on Parkinson’s Disease: A Case-Controlled Registry and Questionnaire Study on Clinical Markers and Patients’ Perceptions

Table 3

Questionnaire study of cases and controls after COVID-19.


	COVID-19	Control	Total	,

	24	42	66
Sex (M/F)	17/7	26/16	43/23
Age (years)	69 (60, 75.25)	70 (62, 77.5)	70 (62, 77)
NMSQ	9 (3, 15)	11 (7.5, 14.75)	11 (6, 15)	0.251
PDQ-8	8 (4, 11)	9 (6, 13.5)	8 (5, 12)	0.265
EQ-5D-5L health	70 (60, 85)	62.5 (42.5, 78.75)	68 (50, 80)	0.094
PCFS/aFS	1 (0, 2)	2 (1, 3)	2 (0, 3)	0.287
PCPC	-2 (-6, 0)	-5.5 (-13.25, -1.25)	-4 (-9, -1)	0.093
EQ-5D-5L_index	0.81 (0.70, 0.89)	0.70 (0.54, 0.80)	0.72 (0.57, 0.83)	0.022, 0.29
EQ-5D-5L item 4	1 (0, 2)	2 (1, 2)	1 (1, 2)	0.022, 0.29
PCPC item 2	0 (-1, 0)	-1 (-1, 0)	-1 (-1, 0)	0.005, 0.36
PCPC item 10	0 (0, 0)	0 (-1, 0)	0 (-1, 0)	0.050, 0.25
PCPC item 14	0 (0, 0)	-1 (-1, 0)	0 (-1, 0)	0.037, 0.27
Infect. Vac.	4, 17%
Quest. Vac.	21, 88%	41, 98%	62, 94%

CISI-PD: Clinical Impression of Severity Index for Parkinson’s Disease; NMSQ: Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire; PDQ-8: 8-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire; PCFS: Post-COVID-19 Functional Status; aFS: adapted Functional Status; EQ-5D-5L_index: EuroQol-5 Dimension European Quality of Life Five Dimension Five Level_index; PCPC: perception of change questionnaire. Five individual items from the questionnaires are also presented: EQ-5D-5L health (patient perceived general health on a scale 0-100), EQ-5D-5L item 4 (perceived pain on an ordinal scale), PCPC item 2 (perception of change in general motor function), PCPC item 10 (perception of change in mood and sadness), and PCPC item 14 (perception of change in sleep quality). Frequency and coverage presented for positive vaccination status at the date of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (Infect. Vac.) and time of filling out the questionnaire study (Quest. Vac.). (statistical significance) in the Mann–Whitney -test testing differences between QS case and control group post COVID-19. = effect size in the Mann–Whitney -test on differences between the COVID-19 case and control groups.