Effects of Glycyrrhizin (GL) Supplementation on Survival, Growth Performance, Expression of Feeding-Related Genes, Activities of Digestive Enzymes, Antioxidant Capacity, and Expression of Inflammatory Factors in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) Larvae

Table 1

The formulation and composition of feed trial for large yellow croaker (% dry matter).

Ingredients % dry diet	Microdiets (GL level %)
	Control (0%)	Diet1 (0.005%)	Diet2 (0.01%)	Diet3 (0.02%)
Whitefish meal^1	39.77	39.77	39.77	39.77
Krill meal^1	10.81	10.81	10.81	10.81
Squid meal^1	4.27	4.27	4.27	4.27
Soy protein concentrate^1	5.41	5.41	5.41	5.41
Vital wheat gluten^1	12.84	12.84	12.84	12.84
Yeast hydrolysate^1	4	4	4	4
Fish oil	8	8	8	8
Ascorbyl polyphosphate	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
α-Starch	8	8	8	8
Alginae sodium	2	2	2	2
Antioxidant^2	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
Mold inhibitor^3	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
Vitamin premix^1	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
Mineral premix^1	1	1	1	1
Soybean lecithin^4	5	5	5	5
GL^5	0	0.005	0.01	0.02
Microcrystalline cellulose^6	0.04	0.035	0.03	0.02
Choline chloride	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Composition % dry diet
Crude protein	54.38	53.99	54.06	53.78
Crude lipid	16.46	16.63	16.19	16.31
Ash	12.12	12.34	12.62	12.27

¹ Ingredients purchased from Great Seven Biotechnology Co., Ltd in Shandong, China. The composition of elementary ingredients, vitamin premix, and mineral premix refers to Huang et al. [38]. ² The antioxidant is ethoxy quinoline. ³ The mold inhibitor is calcium propionate. ⁴ Commercially available from Beijing Huaxia Houde Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). ⁵ The pure glycyrrhizin was purchased from Qingdao kaitaike industry and Trade Co., Ltd in Qingdao China. ⁶ Low level of microcrystalline cellulose had no significant effect on large yellow croaker larvae.