Dietary Leucine Supplementation Improves Muscle Fiber Growth and Development by Activating AMPK/Sirt1 Pathway in Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)

Table 1

Formulation of the different experimental diets (air-dry basis, %).

Diets	LL	HL
Ingredients (% dry weight)
Fish meal	5.00	5.00
Soybean meal	9.00	9.00
Cottonseed meal	15.00	15.00
Rapeseed meal	12.07	12.07
Wheat bran	11.59	11.59
Wheat Middlings	37.00	37.00
Fish oil	2.02	2.02
Soybean oil	2.02	2.02
Premix^a	1.00	1.00
Ca (H2PO4)2	1.80	1.80
Salt	0.50	0.50
L-leucine	0.00	0.54
Glycine	3.00	2.46
Total L-leucine	1.61	2.15
Proximate composition (% dry matter)
Moisture	10.50	10.60
Crude protein	31.04	32.69
Ether extract	6.49	6.67
Ash	7.97	7.96
L-leucine	1.72	2.39

L-leucine and Glycine purity reached 99% and were purchased from Shandong Gukang Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Shandong, China. ^a Premix supplied the following minerals (g/kg of diet) and vitamins (IU or mg/kg of diet): CuSO4·5H2O, 2.0 g; FeSO4·7H2O, 25 g; ZnSO4·7H2O, 22 g; MnSO4·4H2O, 7 g; Na2SeO3, 0.04 g; KI, 0.026 g; CoCl2·6H2O, 0.1 g; Vitamin A, 900,000 IU; vitamin D, 200,000 IU; vitamin E, 4500 mg; vitamin K3, 220 mg; vitamin B1, 320 mg; vitamin B2, 1090 mg; vitamin B5, 2000 mg; vitamin B6, 500 mg; vitamin B12, 1.6 mg; vitamin C, 5000 mg; pantothenate, 1000 mg; folic acid, 165 mg; and choline, 60,000 mg.