Optimal Niacin Requirement of Oriental River Prawn Macrobrachium nipponense as Determined by Growth, Energy Sensing, and Glycolipid Metabolism

Table 1

Ingredients and proximate composition of the experimental diets.

Ingredient (%)	Experimental diets (supplemented niacin levels, mg/kg)
	0	20	40	80	160	320
Fish meal	22.00	22.00	22.00	22.00	22.00	22.00
Casein	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00
Gelatin	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00	6.00
Fish oil	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00
Soybean oil	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00
Corn starch	25.00	25.00	25.00	25.00	25.00	25.00
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00
Premix^1	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Ecdysone	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15
Carboxymethyl cellulose	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00
Cholesterol	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
Lecithin	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Ethoxyquin	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Microcrystalline cellulose	9.55	9.55	9.55	9.55	9.55	9.55
Attractant (mg/kg)^2	120.00	120.00	120.00	120.00	120.00	120.00
Niacin (mg/kg)^3	0.00	20.00	40.00	80.00	160.00	320.00
Proximate composition (%)
Dry matter	92.39	91.68	92.16	93.70	91.29	93.54
Crude protein	39.04	38.96	39.03	38.95	38.94	38.97
Crude lipid	17.15	17.11	16.96	16.92	17.16	17.09
Ash	6.94	6.96	6.95	6.99	7.01	6.97
Niacin (mg/kg)	15.75	37.62	56.62	97.78	176.32	339.28

¹Premix supplied the following minerals and vitamins (per kg): CuSO₄•5H₂O, 2.0 g; FeSO₄•7H₂O, 25 g; ZnSO₄•7H₂O, 22 g; MnSO₄•4H₂O, 7 g; Na₂SeO₃, 0.04 g; KI, 0.026 g; CoCl₂•6H₂O, 0.1 g; vitamin A, 900,000 IU; vitamin D, 200,000 IU; vitamin E, 4,500 mg; vitamin K₃, 220 mg; vitamin B₁, 320 mg; vitamin B₂, 1,090 mg; vitamin B₅, 2,000 mg; vitamin B₆, 500 mg; vitamin B₁₂, 1.6 mg; vitamin C, 5,000 mg; pantothenate, 1,000 mg; folic acid, 165 mg; choline, 60,000 mg. ² The attractant is betaine. ³ Purchased from Sigma Chemical Co., Ltd with a purity of more than 99%.