Study on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Table 1

Formulation and proximate composition (g/kg on a dry weight basis) of the experimental diets.

Ingredients	Diets (g/kg)^a
	C0	C10	C20	C30	C40	C50
Casein^b	380.0	380.0	380.0	380.0	380.0	380.0
Gelatin^c	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0
Soybean oil^d	50.0	50.0	50.0	50.0	50.0	50.0
Dextrin^e	0.0	100.0	200.0	300.0	400.0	500.0
Cellulose^f	500.0	400.0	300.0	200.0	100.0	0.0
Mineral premix^g	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
Choline chloride^h	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
Vitamin premix^i	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0
Monocalcium phosphate^j	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0	30.0
L-Threonine^k	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
L-Arginine^l	8.5	8.5	8.5	8.5	8.5	8.5
L-Tryptophan^m	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
Dextrin/cellulose	0.0	0.25	0.67	1.5	4.0	–
Proximate composition (g/kg)
Moisture	118.0	120.5	114.3	121.4	115.6	117.8
Crude protein	375.6	379.5	378.1	374.4	372.0	372.5
Crude lipid	43.7	49.0	46.3	45.5	45.2	44.7
Crude ash	33.5	33.3	33.5	32.8	31.9	31.3
Fiber	424.8	349.6	275.2	201.6	120.7	3.9
Gross energy (MJ/kg diet)	18.8	19.4	19.7	20.3	20.7	21.0
Carbohydrate/fiber	0.01	0.19	0.55	1.11	2.61	110.21
Crude protein/gross energy	20.0	19.5	19.2	18.4	18.0	17.8

Note. ^aC0, C10, C20, C30, C40, and C50 represent diets in which dextrin levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, respectively. ^bCasein: purchased from Sigma (Product number: C3400). ^cGelatin: from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China. ^dSoybean oil: from Yihai Kerry Arawana Holdings Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China. ^eDextrin: from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China. ^fMicrocrystalline cellulose: from Shandong Liujia Pharmaceutical Excipients Co., Ltd., Jining, Shandong, China. ^gMineral premix (mg/kg diet): CoCO₃, 0.65; CuSO₄·5H₂O, 9.00; FeSO₄·7H₂O, 8.34; NaCl, 400.00; MgO, 240.00; MnSO₄·H₂O, 22.85; KI, 0.50; Na₂SeO₃, 0.01; CaCO₃, 1,860.00; ZnSO₄·7H₂O, 14.30; microcrystalline cellulose, 7,444.35. ^hCholine chloride: from Guangdong Nutriera Group, Guangzhou, China. ⁱVitamin premix (mg/kg diet): tocopherol acetate, 100; sodium menadione bisulfate, 25; retinyl acetate, 6.9; cholecalciferol, 0.05; thiamin, 30; riboflavin, 30; pyridoxine, 20; cyanocobalamin, 0.1; nicotinic acid, 200; folic acid, 15; ascorbic acid, 1,000; inositol, 500; biotin, 3; calcium pantothenate, 100; microcrystalline cellulose 4,669.95. ^jMonocalcium phosphate: from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China. ^kL-Threonine: purchased from Aladdin (CAS number: 72-19-5). ^lL-Arginine: purchased from Aladdin (CAS number: 74-79-3). ^mL-Tryptophan: purchased from Aladdin (CAS number: 73-22-3).