Effects of Dietary Fish Meal Replaced by Fish Steak Meal on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Intestinal Health and Microflora, Inflammatory Response, and Protein Metabolism of Large Yellow Croaker Larimichthys crocea
Table 1
Formulation and proximate composition of the experimental diets (% dry matter).
Ingredients
Diets
FSM03
FSM25
FSM50
FSM75
FSM100
Fish meal1
40
30
20
10
0
Fish steak meal1
0.00
13.34
26.68
40.03
53.38
Soybean meal1
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
12.00
Soybean protein concentrate1
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
Wheat flour1
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
Fish oil1
2.62
1.99
1.35
0.71
0.07
Soybean oil1
2.62
1.99
1.35
0.71
0.07
Soybean lecithin1
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
Ca(H2PO4)2
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
Choline chloride1
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
Mineral premix2
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
Vitamin premix2
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
Cellulose
9.46
7.38
5.32
3.25
1.18
Proximate composition
Crude protein
44.2
43.95
44.17
44.39
44.20
Crude lipid
9.76
9.31
9.55
9.71
9.67
Moisture
12.26
11.51
12.07
11.82
12.35
Ash
9.83
11.67
13.70
15.42
16.92
1These ingredients were purchased from the Fuzhou Haima Feed Co., Ltd., (Fuzhou, China). 2The component of vitamin premix and mineral premix were based on the previous study [24]. 3FSM, fish steak meal.
