Dietary Fish Meal Level and a Package of Choline, β-Glucan, and Nucleotides Modulate Gut Function, Microbiota, and Health in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar, L.)

Table 12

Beta diversity of gut microbiota in fish fed with diets containing diverse levels of fishmeal and their respective counterparts with functional ingredients.

Pairwise comparisons	Bray–Curtis dissimilarity matric¤		Weighted UniFrac distance¤
	Pseudo-F	value	Pseudo-F	value
No supplement
FM0 vs. FM11	1.1	0.339	0.1	0.393
FM0 vs. FM17	4.1	0.012	6.99	0.018
FM0 vs. FM40	4.1	0.001	8.37	0.001
FM11 vs. FM17	3.7	0.024	7.84	0.006
FM11 vs. FM40	3.7	0.001	9.36	0.001
FM17 vs. FM40	0.7	0.606	0.52	0.582
Supplemented
FM0 vs. FM0f	2.3	0.066	3.49	0.081
FM11 vs. FM11f	1. 2	0.165	1.81	0.115
FM17 vs. FM17f	2.1	0.076	2.98	0.073
FM40 vs. FM40f	2.2	0.023	4.44	0.021

¤ PERMANOVA analysis with 999 permutations. Pairs with statistically significant differences () in beta diversity reported in the respective analysis.