Aquaculture Nutrition

Research Article

Optimizing Artemia Enrichment: A Low DHA/High EPA Protocol for Enhanced n-3 LC-HUFA Levels to Support Greater Amberjack (Seriola dumerili) Larval Rearing

Table 2

Proximate (% dry matter) and fatty acids composition (% TFA) of initial A. salina nauplii and A. salina nauplii after 18 hr enrichment with five experimental emulsions.


	Artemia nauplii	EPA-0	EPA-1	EPA-2	EPA-3	EPA-4

Proximate analysis (% dry matter)
Lipids	16.46 ± 0.80	19.72 ± 1.04	19.45 ± 1.97	24.29 ± 3.16	25.36 ± 1.06	26.31 ± 0.68
Moisture	91.01 ± 0.04	90.33 ± 0.21	90.39 ± 0.21	90.05 ± 0.35	90.00 ± 0.30	89.05 ± 0.12
Ash	9.53 ± 0.63	10.79 ± 0.61	10.16 ± 0.43	10.09 ± 0.69	8.61 ± 1.49	9.76 ± 048
Fatty acid content (% TFA)
Saturated	19.64	19.07^a	19.93^a	16.18^ab	12.56^bc	10.21^c
Monoenoics	30.64	41.31^a	40.38^a	37.26^a	30.28^b	22.44^c
n-3	39.59	29.51^b	29.64^b	36.16^b	46.74^a	55.40^a
n-6	7.59	7.76^b	7.56^b	8.00^b	7.92^b	8.87^a
n-9	19.66	31.80^a	30.08^a	28.51^a	23.14^b	15.06^c
Total n-3 LC-HUFA	4.55	3.24^d	5.33^d	11.34^c	21.16^b	29.07^a
14 : 0	0.53	0.46^ab	0.57^a	0.40^b	0.32^b	0.34^b
16 : 0	10.32	10.66^a	11.11^a	8.83^ab	6.84^b	6.90^b
16 : 1n-7	1.95	1.75^ab	1.93^a	1.63^ab	1.40^b	1.50^b
18 : 0	7.63	6.86^a	7.15^a	6.00^a	4.66^ab	2.23^b
18 : 1n-9 (OA)	18.41	30.70^a	29.00^a	27.44^a	22.07^b	13.77^c
18 : 1n-7	7.63	6.39^ab	6.83^a	5.92^b	4.83^c	4.97^c
18 : 2n-6 (LA)	5.70	6.30^a	6.06^a	6.10^a	5.53^b	5.70^b
18 : 3n-3 (ALA)	29.64	23.03	21.61	21.66	21.56	21.80
20 : 1n-9	0.03	0.03^a	0.03^a	0.03^a	0.03^a	0.09^b
20 : 4n-6 (ARA)	0.56	0.39^d	0.51^d	0.81^c	1.23^b	1.72^a
20 : 5n-3 (EPA)	1.81	1.08^e	3.18^d	8.26^c	16.34^b	22.91^a
22 : 6n-3 (DHA)	0.08	0.14^d	0.27^d	0.87^c	2.22^b	3.01^a
ARA/EPA	0.31	0.38^a	0.17^b	0.11^bc	0.07^c	0.07^c
DHA/EPA	0.04	0.13^ab	0.09^c	0.10^bc	0.14^a	0.13^a
DHA/ARA	0.14	0.35^c	0.53^c	1.02^b	1.81^a	1.76^a
OA/DHA	238.31	253.82^a	115.64^b	38.41^b	9.98^b	4.58^b
OA/n-3 LC-HUFA	4.05	9.87^a	6.22^ab	2.74^bc	1.04^c	0.47^c
n-3/n-6	5.22	3.79^b	3.90^b	4.52^b	5.90^a	6.24^a

Note: Proximate analysis data represent means ± SD. (n = 3). FA content data are presented as mean. Different superscripts within each row indicate a significant difference between diets (ANOVA (); Tukey’s HSD). HUFA, highly unsaturated fatty acid; ARA, arachidonic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid.