The Requirement and Protective Effects of Dietary Protein against Chronic Ammonia Exposure in Juvenile Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Table 1

Ingredients and proximate compositions of the experimental diets (% air dry matter).

	Dietary protein level (%)
	22.64	27.26	31.04	35.63	38.47	42.66
Feed ingredients (%)
^aCasein	21.60	25.60	29.60	33.60	37.60	41.60
^aGelatin	5.40	6.40	7.40	8.40	9.40	10.40
^aDextrin	48.00	42.00	36.00	30.00	24.00	18.00
^bCorn oil	3.45	3.45	3.45	3.45	3.45	3.45
^bSoybean oil	3.45	3.45	3.45	3.45	3.45	3.45
^cVitamin premix	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
^dMineral premix	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00
^eCholine chloride	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
^eCa(H2PO4)2	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00
^eBentonite	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00
^eMicrocellulose	10.85	11.85	12.85	13.85	14.85	15.85
Total (%)	100	100	100	100	100	100
Proximate composition (%)
Dry matter	96.01	95.95	95.35	95.39	95.30	96.11
Crude protein	22.64	27.26	31.04	35.63	38.47	42.66
Crude lipid	6.79	7.08	7.03	7.19	6.99	7.19
Ash	5.05	5.13	5.14	5.09	5.10	5.35
Gross energy (KJ/g)	15.52	15.79	15.73	15.94	15.59	15.73

^aWuhan Xilong Chemical Co. ^bWuhan Coland Co. ^cVitamin mixture (g/kg): thiamine hydrochloride, 5; riboflavin, 5; calcium pantothenate, 10; nicotinic acid, 6.05; biotin, 0.03; pyridoxine, 4; folic acid, 1.5; inositol, 200; L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate, 3.95; tocopherol, 5; menadione, 4; retinol, 0.4; cholecalciferol, 18.74 IU. All ingredients were diluted with microcellulose to 1 g. ^dMineral mixture (g/kg): C₆H₁₀CaO₆, 500; FeSO₄·7H₂O, 20; MgSO₄, 100; NaH₂PO₄, 100; NaCl, 20; AlCl₃, 0.6; KIO₃, 0.6; KCl, 40; CuSO₄, 2; MnSO₄, 4; CoCl₂, 2; ZnSO₄, 20. All ingredients were diluted with microcellulose to 1 g. ^eCOFCo.