The Requirement and Protective Effects of Dietary Protein against Chronic Ammonia Exposure in Juvenile Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Table 5

Partial hematological and serum biochemical indices of GIFT juveniles fed diets with different protein levels under low or high ammonia exposure for 8 weeks.

Ammonia (mg/L)	Protein level (%)	RBC (×10^6 cells/mm^3)	Hematocrit (%)	LD (U/L)	AST (U/L)	ALT (U/L)	TP (g/L)
0.02 mg/L	31.04	^bc	^bc	^e	^d	^c	^b
0.88 mg/L	22.64	^a	^a	^a	^a	^a	^a
	27.26	^ab	^ab	^ab	^a	^a	^a
	31.04	^a	^ab	^bc	^b	^b	^ab
	35.63	^b	^b	^cd	^b	^bc	^b
	38.47	^b	^b	^cd	^c	^c	^a
	42.66	^b	^b	^d	^c	^c	^a

Values are (standard deviation) of three replicate per treatment, values in the same row within the same protein level sharing different letters are significantly different at , as determined by Tukey’s test. RBC: red blood cell; LD: lactate dehydrogenase; AST: aspartate transaminase; ALT: alkaline phosphatase; TP: total protein.