Physiological and Neurobehavioral Disturbances Induced by Al₂O₃ Nanoparticle Intoxication in Nile Tilapia Fish: Benefits of Dietary Chamomile Essential Oil

Table 3

Behavior of O. niloticus exposed to different ALNP concentrations for 96 h.

Behavior	Experimental groups (ALNPs (mg/L))
	Control (0)	10	20	40	80	160
Gulping of air	—	—	++	+++	+++	++++
Distress respiration	—	—	++	+++	+++	++++
Sluggish motion	—	—	—	+++	++	+++
Abnormal swimming	—	—	+	++	+++	+++
Hyperventilation	—	—	—	+++	+++	++++

-: none; +: mild; ++: moderate; +++: strong; ++++: very strong.