Physiological and Neurobehavioral Disturbances Induced by Al₂O₃ Nanoparticle Intoxication in Nile Tilapia Fish: Benefits of Dietary Chamomile Essential Oil

Table 4

Effect of CEO (2 mg/kg diet) on the behavior of O. niloticus following ALNP (1/10th of 96 LC₅₀ (5.08 mg/L)) exposure for 30 days.

Behavior	Control	CEO	ALNPs	ALNP+CEO	value
Comfort behavior
Chafing (%)	^a	^a	^c	^b	<0.001
Resting (%)	^b	^a	^d	^c	<0.001
Surfacing (%)					0.907
Schooling (%)	^a	^a	^b	^a	<0.001
Elimination (%)					0.790
Total comfort act (%)	^a	^a	^c	^b	<0.001
Aggressive behavior (%)
Chasing (%)	^b	^b	^a	^b	<0.001
Fin tugging (%)					0.997
Mouth push (%)	^c	^c	^a	^b	<0.001
Total aggressive act (%)	^c	^d	^a	^b	<0.001

Values are ; values in the same row are not sharing a common superscript letter (a, b, c, and d) and differ significantly at .