Physiological and Neurobehavioral Disturbances Induced by Al₂O₃ Nanoparticle Intoxication in Nile Tilapia Fish: Benefits of Dietary Chamomile Essential Oil

Table 6

Effect of CEO (2 mg/kg diet) on brain neurochemistry of O. niloticus following ALNP (1/10th of 96 LC₅₀ (5.08 mg/L)) exposure for 30 days.

	Control	CEO	ALNPs	ALNP+CEO	value
AChE and monoamine neurotransmitters
AChE (ng/mg protein)	^a	^a	^c	^b	<0.001
NA-ATPase (ng/mg protein)	^a	^a	^b	^a	<0.001
Serotonin (ng/g tissue)	^a	^a	^b	^a	0.019
Dopamine (ng/g tissue)	^a	^a	^c	^b	<0.001
Norepinephrine (ng/g tissue)	^a	^a	^b	^ab	0.011
GABA (ng/g tissue)	^a	^a	^b	^b	<0.001
Amino acid neurotransmitters					<0.001
Glycine (nmol/mL)	^a	^a	^b	^a	<0.001
Aspartic acid (nmol/mL)	^a	^a	^c	^b	<0.001
Glutamic acid (nmol/mL)	^b	^a	^d	^c	<0.001

Values are ; values in the same row are not sharing a common superscript letter (a, b, c, and d) and differ significantly at .