Research Article
Evaluation of Phytosterols as an Alternative to Cholesterol in Practical Diets on Growth and Nonspecific Immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei
Figure 1
Effect of different sterol sources and levels on nonspecific immunity and health indicators in hemolymph and hepatopancreas of L. vannamei. Vertical bars represent the (). Data marked with different letters differ significantly () among groups based on Duncan’s test. The lack of superscript letter indicates no significant differences among treatments. Two-way ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) multiple comparison test was conducted to investigate the interaction effects of sterol sources and levels. SOD = superoxide dismutase (U/mL); PO = phenol oxidase (U/mL); LZM = lysozyme (U/mL); AKP = alkaline phosphatase (U/g); ALT = alanine transaminase (U/g); AST = aspartate aminotransferase (U/g).