Research Article

Evaluation of Phytosterols as an Alternative to Cholesterol in Practical Diets on Growth and Nonspecific Immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei

Table 4

Hemolymph biochemical parameters of shrimp fed different diets.

Sterol sourceSterol level (g/kg)GroupTGT-CHOLDL-CHDL-CMDA

Cholesterol1LCbbac
2HCccab
Phytosterol1LPababa
2HPaaba
Mixed sterol sources2CPabaca
value<0.001<0.0010.209<0.001<0.001
Two-way ANOVA value
Source<0.001<0.0010.195<0.001<0.001
Level0.006<0.0010.9390.9890.121
Source × level0.003<0.0010.1010.4050.095

Data represent of three replicates (). Values in the same line with different letters are significantly different () based on Duncan’s test. The lack of superscript letter indicates no significant differences among treatments. Two-way ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) multiple comparison test was conducted to investigate the interaction effects of sterol sources and levels. TG = triglyceride; T-CHO = total cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MDA = malonaldehyde.