Evaluation of Phytosterols as an Alternative to Cholesterol in Practical Diets on Growth and Nonspecific Immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei

Table 4

Hemolymph biochemical parameters of shrimp fed different diets.

Sterol source	Sterol level (g/kg)	Group	TG	T-CHO	LDL-C	HDL-C	MDA
Cholesterol	1	LC	^b	^b		^a	^c
	2	HC	^c	^c		^a	^b
Phytosterol	1	LP	^ab	^a		^b	^a
	2	HP	^a	^a		^b	^a
Mixed sterol sources	2	CP	^ab	^a		^c	^a
value			<0.001	<0.001	0.209	<0.001	<0.001
Two-way ANOVA value
Source			<0.001	<0.001	0.195	<0.001	<0.001
Level			0.006	<0.001	0.939	0.989	0.121
Source × level			0.003	<0.001	0.101	0.405	0.095

Data represent of three replicates (). Values in the same line with different letters are significantly different () based on Duncan’s test. The lack of superscript letter indicates no significant differences among treatments. Two-way ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) multiple comparison test was conducted to investigate the interaction effects of sterol sources and levels. TG = triglyceride; T-CHO = total cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MDA = malonaldehyde.