Aquaculture Nutrition

Research Article

Effects of Dietary Fish Meal Replacement with Alternative Protein Ingredients and Their Combinations on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Fillet Composition, and Biochemical Parameters of Red Seabream (Pagrus major)

Table 5

Fatty acid profiles and lipid nutritional quality indices of experimental diets (% of total fatty acids).


	Experimental diets
	CON	SPC	CG	MM	CM	SCG	SMM	SCM	CMM	CCM	MCM	MIX

C14:0	2.40	1.80	1.60	2.00	1.70	1.70	1.90	1.70	1.80	1.60	1.80	1.80
C16:0	19.3	17.4	16.9	20.8	21.2	17.3	18.8	19.4	18.5	19.1	20.6	18.9
C18:0	7.20	6.80	6.20	8.80	8.00	6.60	7.60	7.40	7.20	7.10	8.20	7.40
ΣSFA¹	30.8	27.6	26.3	33.3	32.9	27.1	29.9	30.1	29.1	29.5	32.4	29.7
C16:1n−7	3.60	2.80	2.50	3.10	3.40	2.60	2.90	2.90	2.70	2.90	3.20	2.90
C18:1n−9	22.8	24.5	24.2	25.9	28.9	24.4	25.3	26.7	25.1	26.2	27.4	25.9
ΣMUFA²	29.5	29.9	29.0	31.8	34.7	29.5	30.9	32.1	30.4	31.6	33.2	31.4
C18:2n−6	24.6	30.0	33.5	24.0	22.6	31.7	27.6	26.6	29.6	28.3	24.0	27.4
Σn6 FA³	25.5	31.0	34.4	24.9	23.4	32.6	28.5	27.5	30.4	29.1	24.8	28.2
C18:3n−3	3.70	4.40	4.20	3.30	2.80	4.30	4.00	3.70	3.90	3.50	3.20	3.70
C20:5n−3	4.20	2.90	2.50	2.70	2.50	2.70	2.70	2.70	2.50	2.60	2.50	2.70
C22:6n−3	6.30	4.20	3.60	4.00	3.60	3.80	4.00	3.90	3.60	3.70	3.70	4.10
Σn3 FA⁴	14.2	11.5	10.4	10.0	9.0	10.8	10.7	10.3	10.1	9.80	9.50	10.6
HUFA⁵	10.7	7.30	6.30	6.90	6.30	6.80	6.90	6.90	6.30	6.40	6.40	7.00
Σn3/Σn6	0.60	0.40	0.30	0.40	0.40	0.30	0.40	0.40	0.30	0.30	0.40	0.40

Note: ¹Saturated fatty acids; ²monounsaturated fatty acids; ³n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids; ⁴n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; ⁵highly unsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acids C12:0, C13:0, C14:1n−5, C15:0, C16:1n−9, C17:0, C17:1, C18:1n−7, C18:3n−6; C20:0; C20:1n−9; C20:2n−6, C20:3n−6, C20:3n−3, C20:4n−6, C20:4n−3, C22:0, C22:1n−9, C22:2n−6, C22:5n−3, and C24:0 in percentage ≤ 1%, were also detected and used to calculate the fatty acid groups. CON, 60% FM; SPC, 30% FM with SPC; CG, 30% FM with CG; MM, 30% FM with MM; CM, 30% FM with CM; SCG, 30% FM with SPC and GC; SMM, 30% FM with SPC and MM; SCM, 30% FM with SPC and CM; CMM, 30% FM with CG and MM; CCM, 30% FM with CG and CM; MCM, 30% FM with MM and CM; MIX, 30% FM with SPC, GC, MM, and CM.