Aquaculture Nutrition

Research Article

Effects of Dietary Fish Meal Replacement with Alternative Protein Ingredients and Their Combinations on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Fillet Composition, and Biochemical Parameters of Red Seabream (Pagrus major)

Table 7

Growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, and biometric parameters of red seabream fed the experimental diets for 12 weeks.

Experimental diets

CON

SPC

SCG

SMM

SCM

CMM

CCM

MCM

MIX

FBW¹

146 ± 2.39^ab

136 ± 5.89^abcd

129 ± 2.51^d

148 ± 0.97^a

145 ± 1.25^abc

134 ± 3.22^bcd

146 ± 1.16^ab

146 ± 2.46^ab

129 ± 7.04^d

133 ± 6.97^cd

148 ± 3.15^a

142 ± 2.22^abc

WG²

191 ± 4.8^ab

171 ± 11^abcd

157 ± 5.0^d

195 ± 1.7^a

188 ± 2.5^abc

167 ± 6.4^bcd

191 ± 2.2^ab

192 ± 5.2^ab

157 ± 14^d

165 ± 14^cd

196 ± 6.2^a

183 ± 4.4^abc

DFI³

1.23 ± 0.0

1.20 ± 0.1

1.22 ± 0.1

1.15 ± 0.0

1.26 ± 0.0

1.24 ± 0.1

1.21 ± 0.0

1.26 ± 0.0

1.15 ± 0.1

1.22 ± 0.0

1.18 ± 0.0

1.21 ± 0.1

FE⁴

92.4 ± 2.8^abc

88.9 ± 1.4^bc

83.8 ± 2.6^c

102 ± 3.0^a

91.6 ± 2.0^abc

87.0 ± 5.2^c

95.1 ± 0.8^abc

92.8 ± 2.8^abc

89.4 ± 0.3^abc

87.6 ± 1.5^bc

100 ± 2.4^ab

92.4 ± 2.6^abc

Sur⁵

95.6 ± 2.2

100 ± 0.0

97.8 ± 2.2

100 ± 0.0

97.8 ± 2.2

100 ± 0.0

95.6 ± 2.2

CF⁶

1.79 ± 0.07

1.53 ± 0.05

1.67 ± 0.09

1.65 ± 0.02

1.80 ± 0.10

1.65 ± 0.03

1.67 ± 0.03

1.61 ± 0.03

1.65 ± 0.01

1.71 ± 0.03

1.67 ± 0.04

HSI⁷

1.64 ± 0.04

1.34 ± 0.14

1.64 ± 0.11

1.76 ± 0.14

1.55 ± 0.07

1.43 ± 0.05

1.54 ± 0.24

1.37 ± 0.11

1.39 ± 0.15

1.68 ± 0.09

1.58 ± 0.11

1.46 ± 0.08

VSI⁸

7.17 ± 0.29

6.43 ± 0.50

7.02 ± 0.24

7.34 ± 0.78

7.27 ± 0.05

6.69 ± 0.21

6.67 ± 0.55

6.68 ± 0.17

5.98 ± 0.15

6.34 ± 0.58

6.85 ± 0.52

6.76 ± 0.34

Note: Values are mean of triplicate groups and presented as mean ± SE. ^a,b,c,dDifferent superscripts in the same row indicate significant differences between the means by ANOVA at . The lack of superscripts in the same row indicates no significant difference between the means by ANOVA at . ¹Final body weight; ²weight gain = (final body weight-initial body weight) × 100/initial body weight; ³daily feed intake (g/fish) = (dry feed consumed (g)/fish number)/trial period (days). ⁴Feed efficiency = wet weight gain × 100/feed intake; ⁵survival (%) = (final number of fish/initial number of fish) × 100; ⁶Condition factor (%) = (wet weight of fish/(length of fish)3) × 100; ⁷hepatosomatic index (%) = (wet weight of liver/wet weight of fish) × 100; ⁸viscerasomatic index (%) = (wet weight of viscera/wet weight of fish) × 100. CON, 60% FM; SPC, 30% FM with SPC; CG, 30% FM with CG; MM, 30% FM with MM; CM, 30% FM with CM; SCG, 30% FM with SPC and GC; SMM, 30% FM with SPC and MM; SCM, 30% FM with SPC and CM; CMM, 30% FM CG and MM; CCM, 30% FM with CG and CM; MCM, 30% FM with MM and CM; MIX, 30% FM with SPC, GC, MM, and CM.