Reducing Dietary Protein Content by Increasing Carbohydrates Is More Beneficial to the Growth, Antioxidative Capacity, Ion Transport, and Ammonia Excretion of Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) under Long-Term Alkalinity Stress

<div>Principal component analysis of different metabolites of Nile tilapia fed different protein–carbohydrate ratios in freshwater or alkaline water for 50 days (<i>n</i> = 6). (a) The quantitative proportion of chemical classification of metabolites in positive ion mode. (b) The quantitative proportion of chemical classification of metabolites in negative ion mode. (c) PCA score plot of positive ion mode. (d) PCA score plot of negative ion mode.</div>

Aquaculture Nutrition

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Figure 5

Figure 5: Reducing Dietary Protein Content by Increasing Carbohydrates Is More Beneficial to the Growth, Antioxidative Capacity, Ion Transport, and Ammonia Excretion of Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) under Long-Term Alkalinity Stress 

Figure 5 | Reducing Dietary Protein Content by Increasing Carbohydrates Is More Beneficial to the Growth, Antioxidative Capacity, Ion Transport, and Ammonia Excretion of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Long-Term Alkalinity Stress 