Research Article
Effect of Moringa oleifera, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Their Combination on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Immunity, and Microbiota in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Table 3
The growth performances of Nile tilapia fed test diets for 56 days.
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Notes: MO, M. oleifera supplementation; Ba, B. amyloliquefaciens supplementation; MO × Ba, interaction effect. Values are means and standard error of the mean (SEM). ns, no significant, . Different letters indicate significant differences between the two woody types and probiotic types, such as (a/b) in parentheses corresponds to no MO addition, MO addition, and the value of a is less than b. The other set of letters (x/y) corresponds to no B. amyloliquefaciens addition and B. amyloliquefaciens addition, and the value of x is less than the value of y. IBW (g), initial body weight; FBW (g), final body weight; Survival rate (SR, %) = 100 × final number of the fish/40; Weight gain rate (WGR, %) = (FBW − IBW)/IBW; Specific growth rate (SGR, %/day) = 100 × (lnFBW − lnIBW)/days; Protein efficiency ratio (PER, %) = weight gain (g)/protein intake (g); Feed conversion ratio (FCR) = feed intake (dry weight, g)/weight gain (g); Feeding intake (FI, g/fish/day) = feed intake (dry weight, g) × 100/((IBW + FBW)/2 × days). |