Dietary Supplementation of Astragalus membranaceus Extract Affects Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Response, and Energy Metabolism of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Table 2

Growth performance, feed efficiency, and morphological parameters of M. salmoides fed diets supplemented with different levels of AME.

	Con	AME0.1	AME0.2	AME0.3	AME0.4	AME0.5	AME0.6	Regression
								Linear	Quadratic
IBW^a (g)	10.12 ± 0.04	10.14 ± 0.01	10.16 ± 0.03	10.08 ± 0.03	10.05 ± 0.09	10.02 ± 0.02	10.07 ± 0.03	0.049	0.149
FBW^b (g)	58.64 ± 1.28^b	59.47 ± 0.76^b	62.49 ± 1.10^ab	62.39 ± 2.07^ab	64.86 ± 1.22^a	60.16 ± 0.32^ab	60.06 ± 0.88^ab	0.402	0.007
SR^c (%)	96.67 ± 1.67	100.00 ± 0.00	100.00 ± 0.00	98.33 ± 1.67	98.33 ± 1.67	100.00 ± 0.00	100.00 ± 0.00	0.124	0.283
FI^d (g fish^−1)	46.77 ± 0.74^bc	47.37 ± 0.52^abc	48.95 ± 0.53^ab	49.88 ± 0.55^ab	50.73 ± 0.67^a	45.31 ± 0.32^c	46.71 ± 0.99^bc	0.682	0.006
WG^e (%)	478.14 ± 9.83^b	486.71 ± 8.17^b	514.97 ± 8.88^ab	519.42 ± 19.04^ab	550.07 ± 9.11^a	501.21 ± 2.59^b	496.47 ± 7.45^b	0.181	0.002
SGR^f (% day^−1)	3.13 ± 0.03^b	3.16 ± 0.02^b	3.24 ± 0.03^ab	3.25 ± 0.06^ab	3.34 ± 0.03^a	3.20 ± 0.01^b	3.19 ± 0.02^b	0.170	0.001
FCR^g	0.98 ± 0.01^a	0.94 ± 0.01^ab	0.93 ± 0.01^ab	0.93 ± 0.02^ab	0.92 ± 0.02^ab	0.90 ± 0.01^b	0.93 ± 0.01^ab	0.009	0.003
PER^h	2.06 ± 0.03^b	2.14 ± 0.02^ab	2.18 ± 0.01^ab	2.15 ± 0.05^ab	2.21 ± 0.05^a	2.22 ± 0.02^a	2.14 ± 0.01^ab	0.039	0.004
CF^i	2.02 ± 0.03^c	2.17 ± 0.04^bc	2.22 ± 0.03^ab	2.22 ± 0.05^ab	2.18 ± 0.04^bc	2.32 ± 0.02^ab	2.34 ± 0.03^a	0.001	0.001
VSI^j	8.79 ± 0.22^ab	8.64 ± 0.14^ab	8.20 ± 0.10^b	8.44 ± 0.08^ab	8.67 ± 0.11^ab	8.99 ± 0.08^a	8.71 ± 0.13^ab	0.419	0.080
HSI^k	2.48 ± 0.17^abc	2.39 ± 0.14^abc	2.10 ± 0.07^c	2.21 ± 0.11^bc	2.36 ± 0.00^abc	2.76 ± 0.06^a	2.64 ± 0.08^ab	0.071	0.006

^aIntial body weight (IBW, g) = initial total body weight/initial number of fish; ^bFinal body weight (FBW, g) = final total body weight/final number of fish; ^cSurvival rate (SR, %) = 100 × final number of fish/initial number of fish; ^dFeed intake (FI, g fish⁻¹) = 100 × total feed intake/final number of fish; ^eWeight gain rate (WG, %) = 100 × (final body weight–initial body weight)/initial body weight; ^fSpecific growth rate (SGR, % day⁻¹) = 100 × (ln (final body weight)–ln (initial body weight))/feeding days; ^gFeed conversion ratio (FCR) = weight of feed consumed/weight gain; ^hProtein efficiency rate (PER) = 100 × (final total body weight–initial total body weight)/(total feed intake × protein proportion in feed); ⁱCondition factor (CF, g cm⁻³) = 100 × body weight/body length³; ^jViscerosomatic index (VSI, %) = 100 × viscera weight/whole body weight; ^kHepatosomatic index (HSI, %) = 100 × liver weight/whole body weight. Values are means ± SEM of three replications. Means in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different ().