Effects of the Replacement of Dietary Fishmeal by the Blend of Tenebrio molitor Meal, Chlorella Meal, Clostridium Autoethanogenum Protein, and Cottonseed Protein Concentrate on Growth, Protein Utilization, and Intestinal Health of Gibel Carp (Carassius gibelio, CAS Ⅴ)

Figure 5

The relative mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokine (a) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (b) in the intestine of gibel carp fed the experimental diets. The intestine of the control, A100, B100, and C100 groups showed as the H&E staining image (c). The villus height (Vh), crypt depth (Cd), the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C), and muscle thickness (Mt) in intestinal tissue structure of gibel carp in the control, A100, B100, and C100 groups (d). Results are expressed as means ± SE (n = 6), and different letters above a bar denote the significant difference between treatments (). The right image of each group is the enlarged image inside the dotted box on the left image. The green brackets represent the measurement of Vh, Cd, and Mt respectively. The green arrow indicates lymphocyte.

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