Investigation of the Protective Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Ep-M17 on the Hepatopancreas of Penaeus vannamei

Figure 2

Measuring immune and digestive enzyme activity in P. vannamei’s hepatopancreas. (a) SOD; (b) AKP; (c) CAT; (d) TRY; (e) LIP; (f) AMS. The data are presented as mean values and standard deviation (±SD) for each parameter (n = 5). Different letters indicate significant differences between means in the same row ( , , ). The X-axis represents the time points at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after the start of the experiment, and cp-1d and cp-2d represent the 24 and 48 hr after the challenge, respectively.

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