Route Optimization of Electric Vehicle considering Soft Time Windows and Two Ways of Power Replenishment

Table 1

Temperature and wildlife count in the three areas covered by the test examples.

Name	Parameter
Maximum loading capacity of vehicles	80 pieces
Use cost of vehicles	1000 RMB/vehicle
Unit transportation cost	2 RMB/km
Speed of vehicles	40 km/h
Full charge at the charging stations	60 kWh
Power consumption per unit distance	1 kWh
Cost per battery replacement	30 RMB
Battery replacement time once	31 min
Service time per customer	10 min
Penalty coefficient of time windows	(1, 0.5, 1.5, 2)
The customer tolerance level	0.5
Maximum number of iterations	200