Research Article

Magnitude of Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia

Table 2

Factors independently associated with the experience of intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Ofla District, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019 (N = 538).

VariablesViolence (IPV)COR (95% CI)AOR (95% CI)
YesNo

Women’s educational status
No formal education115 (42.1)158 (57.9)1.5 (0.97, 2.33)0.794 (0.34, 1.857)
Primary (grade 1–8)44 (33.1)89 (66.9)1.02 (0.61, 1.71)0.77 (0.35, 1.73)
High school and above43 (32.6)89 (67.4)11

Women’s occupation
Government employee16 (30.8)36 (69.2)11
Merchant14 (24.6)43 (75.4)0.73 (0.32, 1.7)0.719 (0.22, 2.35)
Housewife97 (36.9)166 (63.1)1.32 (0.69, 2.49)1.42 (0.502, 3.99)
Unemployed75 (45.2)91 (54.8)1.85 (0.96, 3.6)1.17 (0.425, 3.205)

Educational status of partner
No formal education103 (42.2)141 (57.8)1.22 (0.8, 1.86)0.929 (0.49, 1.74)
Primary (grade 1–8)45 (30)105 (70)0.71 (0.44, 1.16)0.57 (0.29, 1.13)
High school and above54 (37.5)90 (62.5)11

Relationship status
Married161 (33.8)315 (66.2)11
Unmarried41 (66.1)21 (33.9)3.8 (2.04-4.67)2.597 (1.178, 5.73)

Plan of pregnancy
Unplanned75 (87.2)11 (12.8)17.5 (8.97-33.9)4.56 (2.02, 10.3)
Planned127 (28.1)325 (71.9)11

Desiredness of current pregnancy by partner
Undesired70 (89.7)8 (10.3)21.7 (10.2, 46.4)5.95 (2.36, 14.99)
Desired132 (28.7)328 (71.3)11

Partner drinks alcohol
Yes155 (53.3)136 (46.7)4.85 (3.28, 7.18)3.27 (2.07, 5.16)
No47 (19)200 (81)11

Partner smoking cigarette status
Smoker23 (82.1)5 (17.9)8.5 (3.18, 22.76)2.24 (0.56, 9.02)
Nonsmoker179 (35.1)331 (64.9)11

Partner has another wife
Yes48 (82.8)10 (17.2)10.2 (5.01, 20.6)5.14 (2.2, 12)
No154 (32.1)326 (67.9)11

Decision-making power (woman)
Low decision-making107 (59.4)73 (40.6)4.06 (2.78, 5.93)2.64 (1.63, 4.28)
High decision-making95 (26.5)263 (73.5)11

Acceptance of IPV by pregnant
Accept164 (45.6)196 (54.4)3.08 (2.04, 4.67)1.85 (1.088, 3.157)
Do not accept38 (21.4)140 (78.6)11

Economic status (wealth index)
Low49 (27.4)130 (72.6)0.35 (0.22, 0.54)0.635 (0.362, 1.13)
Medium60 (33.3)120 (66.7)0.46 (0.3, 0.71)0.611 (0.357, 1.05)
High93 (51.9)86 (48.1)11

 =  value < 0.05;  =  value < 0.01; CI = confidence interval; COR = crude odds ratio; AOR = adjusted odds ratio.