Under-Five Mortality and Associated Risk Factors in Rural Settings of Ethiopia: Evidences from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

Table 17

Binary logistic analysis of under-five mortality (multivariable analyses): rural Ethiopia.

Variables	Category	AOR (: AOR)	Robust std. error	value
Region	Tigray	Ref	—	—
	Afar	1.08 (0.83, 1.40)	0.14	0.559
	Amhara	1.32 (1.08, 1.62)	0.14	0.007
	Oromia	0.94 (0.75, 1.17)	0.11	0.575
	Somali	0.78 (0.61, 1.01)	0.10	0.062
	Benishangul-Gumuz	1.09 (0.86, 1.39)	0.13	0.454
	SNNPR	1.43 (1.13, 1.81)	0.17	0.003
	Gambela	1.13 (0.85, 1.50)	0.16	0.388
	Harari	1.06 (0.78, 1.43)	0.16	0.722
	Dire Dawa	1.78 (1.28, 2.47)	0.30	0.001
Father’s education level	No education	Ref	—	—
	Primary completed	1.03 (0.93, 1.15)	0.06	0.551
	Secondary and above completed	0.77 (0.63, 0.94)	0.65	0.010
Mother’s education level	No education	Ref	—	—
	Primary completed	0.82 (0.72, 0.93)	0.05	0.001
	Secondary and above completed	1.21 (0.89, 1.63)	0.19	0.220
Twin child type	Single	Ref	—	—
	Multiple	4.50 (3.38, 5.98)	0.65	0.001
Place of delivery	Home	Ref	—	—
	Public sector	0.65 (0.55, 0.76)	0.05	0.001
	Private sector	1.10 (0.73, 1.65)	0.23	0.663
Mother’s occupation	No working	Ref	—	—
	Had working	1.28 (1.16, 1.42)	0.07	0.001
Father’s occupation	No working	Ref	—	—
	Had working	1.45 (1.25, 1.69)	0.11	0.001
Marital status	Others	Ref	—	—
	Married	0.95 (0.76, 1.17)	0.10	0.617
Age at first birth (mother’s)	16	Ref	—	—
	16	0.41 (0.37, 0.45)	0.02	0.001
Breastfeeding status	No	Ref	—	—
	Yes	0.60 (0.55, 0.66)	0.03	0.001
Birth order number	First	Ref	—	—
	2-3	1.18 (1.02, 1.37)	0.09	0.022
	4 and above	1.06 (0.91, 1.24)	0.08	0.418
Religious belief	Orthodox	Ref	—	—
	Muslim	1.20 (1.02, 1.41)	0.10	0.026
	Others	0.85 (0.71, 1.02)	0.08	0.080
Contraceptive used	No	Ref	—	—
	Yes	0.80 (0.71, 0.90)	0.05	0.001
Vaccination of child	No	Ref	—	—
	Yes	0.52 (0.46, 0.60)	0.03	0.001
Family size	1–3	Ref	—	—
	4–6	0.74 (0.63, 0.86)	0.06	0.001
	7 and above	0.44 (0.36, 0.52)	0.04	0.001
Sex of child	Male	Ref	—	—
	Female	0.92 (0.84, 1.01)	0.04	0.071
Mother’s age group	Below 20 years	Ref	—	—
	20–29 years	3.88 (3.08, 4.90)	0.46	0.001
	30–39 years	16.29 (12.66, 20.96)	2.09	0.001
	40+ years	55.97 (42.27, 74.13)	8.02	0.001
Number of antenatal visits	No visits	Ref	—	—
	1–3	0.50 (0.43, 0.58)	0.04	0.001
	4 and above visited	0.46 (0.39, 0.54)	0.04	0.001
Preceding birth interval	0–24 months	Ref	—	—
	25–36 months	0.55 (0.48, 0.62)	0.03	0.001
	36 months	0.30 (0.26, 0.34)	0.02	0.001

NB: “” statistically significant variables at level of significance; AOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; Ref: reference (the reference category was selected based on the first category as the reference of the others without any rational consideration).