Digital Device Use, Computer Vision Syndrome, and Sleep Quality among an African Undergraduate Population

Table 4

PSQI total and individual component score with years of digital device use and duration of digital device use per day.

	Years of digital device use				Digital device use per day (hours)
	<5	5–10	>10		<3	3–6	>6
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	value	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	value
Global PSQI	5.63 (2.42)	6.59 (2.35)	7.40 (3.07)	<0.001	5.59 (2.29)	6.26 (2.35)	7.63 (3.24)	<0.001
Subjective sleep quality	0.8 (0.62)	0.84 (0.62)	1.13 (0.78)	0.001	0.77 (0.53)	0.87 (0.55)	1.14 (0.67)	0.256
Sleep latency	1.40 (1.20)	1.64 (1.21)	1.94 (1.59)	0.01	1.4 (1.1)	1.50 (1.19)	2.07 (1.58)	0.003
Sleep duration	1.48 (0.83)	1.59 (0.69)	1.65 (0.75)	0.261	1.42 (0.85)	1.57 (0.77)	1.70 (0.67)	0.02
Habitual sleep deficiency	0.56 (0.61)	0.63 (0.60)	0.71 (0.89)	0.811	0.47 (0.34)	0.58 (0.47)	0.85 (0.73)	0.005
Sleep disturbance	0.94 (0.53)	1.05 (0.50)	1.13 (0.44)	0.004	1.00 (0.55)	1.03 (0.46)	1.08 (0.49)	0.638
Use of sleep medication	0.11 (0.34)	0.15 (0.22)	0.1 (0.26)	0.893	0.09(0.08)	0.11 (0.09)	0.15 (0.09)	0.613
Daytime dysfunction	0.35 (0.45)	0.69 (0.62)	0.76 (0.55)	0.001	0.46 (0.34)	0.62 (0.50)	0.65 (0.54)	0.825