Effects of Physical Health Status, Social Support, and Depression on Quality of Life in the Korean Community-Dwelling Elderly

Table 4

Depression and quality of life according to the general characteristics of the Korean community-dwelling elderly.

Characteristics	Categories	Depression		Quality of life
		M ± SD	t/F(p)	M ± SD	t/F(p)
Gender	Male; Female	9.31 ± 3.63; 8.27 ± 3.42	6.57; (0.011)	6.79 ± 2.07; 7.52 ± 1.92	10.14; (0.002)
Age	65–69 years old; 70–74 years old; 75–79 years old; 80–84 years old; 85–89 years old	8.34 ± 3.28; 8.67 ± 3.45; 8.24 ± 3.55; 8.36 ± 3.47; 9.54 ± 3.98	1.22; (0.303)	7.63 ± 1.85; 7.17 ± 2.11; 7.31 ± 1.91; 7.39 ± 1.91; 7.00 ± 2.18	1.18; (0.317)
Educational level	No formal education; Primary-school diploma; Middle-school diploma; High-school diploma	8.20 ± 3.42; 8.38 ± 3.57; 9.83 ± 3.10; 10.08 ± 3.64	4.57; (0.004); a < c	7.82 ± 1.99; 6.91 ± 1.64; 5.98 ± 1.53; 6.08 ± 1.58	19.32; (<0.001); a < b, c, d
Marital status	Single^a; Married^b; Bereavement^c; Divorce^d	6.60 ± 6.80; 9.03 ± 3.36; 8.23 ± 3.42; 5.50 ± 4.09	3.97; (0.008)	8.00 ± 1.41; 6.83 ± 1.97; 7.71 ± 1.92; 6.84 ± 1.17	7.76; (0.001); b > c
Family type	Elderly couple^a; Living with child’s family^b; Living with grandchildren^c; Living alone^d; Others^e	8.95 ± 3.35; 9.15 ± 3.11; 9.75 ± 2.49; 7.73 ± 3.67; 8.13 ± 3.57	4.02; (0.003); b > d	6.93 ± 1.88; 7.20 ± 1.91; 7.50 ± 1.20; 7.83 ± 1.97; 7.36 ± 2.17	4.23; (0.002); a > d
Number of family members	1–3; 4–6; 7≤	8.37 ± 3.52; 9.20 ± 3.10; 7.64 ± 3.93	2.10; (0.124)	7.47 ± 1.98; 7.00 ± 2.00; 6.79 ± 1.31	2.31; (0.100)
Residence type	Detached house; Apartment; Row house; Multiplex house	8.45 ± 3.50; 8.77 ± 3.31; 9.00 ± 3.41; 6.73 ± 3.79	1.59; (0.190)	7.51 ± 2.00; 7.09 ± 1.82; 6.50 ± 2.20; 6.87 ± 1.92	2.38; (0.069)

^a,b,c,d,eScheffe’s test.