|
| Time period | Variable | Measures/data sources |
|
| Preconception variables | Insurance status and type of insurance | Center of Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) [5]; LAMB study team |
| Interaction with healthcare professional to prepare for pregnancy | LAMB study team |
| Content of preconception care counseling | LAMB study team |
| Health conditions | PRAMS; LAMB study team |
| Tobacco use | LAMB study team |
| Folic acid/multivitamin use | Modified from PRAMS |
| Pregnancy intention and partner pregnancy intention | Modified from PRAMS |
| Birth control and emergency contraception use | Modified from PRAMS; LAMB study team |
| Gravidity and parity | LAMB study team |
| Previous pregnancy and birth outcomes | PRAMS; LAMB study team |
|
| Pregnancy variables | Maternal stress (i.e., perceived stress and stressful life events) | 9-item version of Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) [38]; PRAMS Life Events List |
| Maternal internal resources (i.e., self-esteem and mastery) | 3-item Rosenberg short form [39]; 4-item Pearlin short form [39] |
| Job strain | Subscale of Karasek’s Job Content Questionnaire [40]; unemployment rate item from ACS |
| Maternal behaviors (i.e., smoking, alcohol use, and drug use) | PRAMS; 2005 California Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (MIHA) [4]; National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) [41] |
| Food insecurity | Core Food Security Module (CFSM) [42] |
| Partner conflict | Marital Strain Scale (MSS) [43] |
| Partner support/involvement | Fragile Families Study (FFS) [44]; Early Head Start Evaluation [45] |
| Partner violence | Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) [46] |
| Social network support | PRAMS |
| Racial discrimination | Developed by Krieger (1990) [47] and modified by Collins and David (1997) [18] to assess pregnancy and lifetime exposures to interpersonal racial discrimination |
| Healthcare content, access, and quality | Structure was measured by access and availability of services with items developed by the LAMB study team; process was measured by content with items from National Maternal and Infant Health Survey (NMIHS) [48]; adequacy of prenatal care was measured with items from the Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization (APNCU) Index [49]; commuting characteristics items from ACS |
| Pregnancy complications | PRAMS; LAMB study team; 2007 California birth certificate data |
| Neighborhood support | Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) [19] |
| Neighborhood services | LAMB study team; availability of parks, crime rate, and mortgage status items from ACS |
|
|
Postpartum variables | Birth outcomes (LBW, PTB) | California birth certificate data |
| Quality of healthcare during delivery | Item developed by LAMB study team |
| Breastfeeding | Modified from PRAMS; LAMB study team |
| Baby sleeping pattern/cosleeping | PRAMS; LAMB study team |
| Well-baby checkup | LAMB study team |
| Postpartum checkup | PRAMS; LAMB study team |
| Partner violence | Abuse Assessment Screen; ACS |
| Postpartum depression | Modified from Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) [50] |
| Contraception use | PRAMS |
|
| General: demographic data | Annual household income | LAMB study team |
| Median household income | American Community Survey (ACS) [51] |
| Immigration (i.e., length of residence in the US) | LAMB study team |
| Acculturation (i.e., language spoken at home, nativity) | ACS |
| Maternal education | 2007 California birth certificate data |
| Race/ethnicity | 2007 California birth certificate data |
| Marital status with baby’s father | PRAMS |
| Occupation | Census data |
|
