The Genus Spilanthes Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Properties: A Review

Table 3

Antibacterial and antifungal activities of genus Spilanthes.

Classification	Species	Tested material	MIC	Active/inactive	References
Gram +	Staphylococcus aureus	Spilanthes calva  methanol extract	8 𝜇g/mL	Active	[73]
Gram +	Bacillus subtilis	Spilanthes calva  methanol extract	8–9.9 𝜇g/mL	Active	[73]
Gram +	Bacillus subtilis  ATCC 6633	Fraction of chloroform extract Spilanthes acmella Murr.	128 𝜇g/mL	Active	[2]
Gram +	Bacillus subtilis  ATCC 6633	Fraction of chloroform extract Spilanthes acmella Murr.	128 𝜇g/mL	Active	[2]
Gram +	Bacillus subtilis	Spilanthes calva  Methanol extract	8.0–9.9 𝜇g/mL	Active	[73]
Gram +	Bacillus cereus	Fraction of chloroform extract Spilanthes acmella Murr.	256 𝜇g/mL	Active	[2]
Gram +	Corynebacterium diphtheriae  NCTC 10356	Fraction of chloroform extract Spilanthes acmella Murr.	64 𝜇g/mL	Active	[2]
Gram +	Staphylococcus epidermidis  ATCC 12228	Fraction of chloroform extract Spilanthes acmella Murr.	128 𝜇g/mL	Active	[2]
Gram +	Enterobacter faecalis	Spilanthes clava  methanol extract	—	Inactive	[73]
Gram +	Mycobacter phlei	Spilanthes clava  methanol extract	—	Inactive	[73]
Gram +	Micrococcus luteus  ATCC 10240	Fraction of chloroform extract Spilanthes acmella Murr.	128 𝜇g/mL	Active	[2]
Gram +	Staphylococcus epidermidis  ATCC 12228	Fraction of chloroform extract Spilanthes acmella Murr.	128 𝜇g/mL	Active	[2]
Gram +	Streptococcus pyogenes II	Fraction of chloroform extract Spilanthes acmella Murr.	256 𝜇g/mL	Active	[2]
Gram +	Micrococcus luteus  ATCC 10240	Fraction of chloroform extract Spilanthes acmella Murr.	128 𝜇g/mL	Active	[2]
Gram +	Streptococcus mutans	Chloroform extract of S. acmella	250 𝜇g/mL disk (7.5 mm zone)	Active	[136]
Gram −	Escherichia coli	Spilanthes calva methanol extract	—	Inactive	[73]
Fungi	Candida albicans	Spilanthes calva methanol extract	—	Inactive	[73]
	Saccharomyces cerevisiae  ATCC 2601	Fraction of chloroform extract Spilanthes acmella Murr.	256 𝜇g/mL	Active	[2]
	Saccharomyces cerevisiae  ATCC 2601	Hexane extract Spilanthes acmella Murr.	256 𝜇g/mL	Active	[2]