Ameliorative Effect of Vernonia amygdalina Plant Extract on Heavy Metal-Induced Liver and Kidney Dysfunction in Rats

Table 4

Effects of EEVA on liver and kidney function biomarkers in rats with copper- (Cu-) induced heavy metal toxicity.

Copper group	Indicators (mean ± SD)
	AST	ALT	GGT	Urea	Creatinine
Control group	21.32 ± 10.29	31.10 ± 1.637	27.283 ± 0.688	5.233 ± 0.589	83.0 ± 2.61
Cu only	88.97 ± 4.06	70.78 ± 6.72	67.58 ± 4.05	16.75 ± 0.734	180.67 ± 2.73
Cu + recovery	63.62 ± 3.61	59.12 ± 2.50	53.433 ± 2.412	14.0 ± 1.757	157.5 ± 9.35
Cu + 100 mg/kg	37.333 ± 0.774	46.183 ± 0.854	43.35 ± 2.36	7.717 ± 0.248	114.33 ± 3.33
Cu + 200 mg/kg	32.583 ± 1.028	36.967 ± 1.167	33.667 ± 1.213	7.0667 ± 0.2422	102.5 ± 2.66
Cu + 300 mg/kg	28.267 ± 0.680	34.1 ± 0.780	29.817 ± 0.739	6.2667 ± 0.2160	90.5 ± 1.871

Values are presented as mean ± SD. value <0.05 is statistically significant.