Examination of WHO/INRUD Core Drug Use Indicators at Public Primary Healthcare Centers in Kisii County, Kenya

Table 1

WHO/INRUD drug use indicators at public primary healthcare centers in Kisii County, Kenya.

Indicators/PPHCC	Optimal value	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	Average	ANOVA
Prescribing indicators
Average drugs/encounter	1.6–1.8	2.6 ± .9	3.6 ± 1.0	3.0 ± 1.0	3.0 ± 1.0	3.6 ± 1.2	3.3 ± 1.1	3.0 ± .8	2.1 ± .0	2.6 ± .7	2.6 ± .8	2.9 ± .5	0.043
% drugs by generic names	100	12.7	17.4	46.1	19.4	14.8	21.4	7.8	13.7	69.1	54.3	27.7	0.005
% antibiotic encounter	20.0–26.8	84.4	91.1	77.8	83.3	82.2	84.4	90.0	86.7	84.4	83.3	84.8	0.033
% injection encounter	13.4–24.1	3.3	50.0	16.7	10.0	67.8	35.6	24.4	10.0	21.1	10.0	24.9	0.002
% drugs from KEML	100	86.9	98.8	98.9	92.5	94.8	99.3	97.8	99.0	100.0	99.1	96.7	0.008
Patient-care indicators
Average consultation time	≥10 min	2.0	6.8	3.3	5.7	3.0	5.0	4.5	6.0	2.4	2.6	4.1	0.046
Average dispensing time	≥90 s	115.5	171.6	104.3	190.0	88.0	124.0	200.2	132.4	92.9	131.5	131.5	0.004
% drugs dispensed	100	86.7	55.0	73.1	78.5	61.8	84.5	79.3	86.2	72.0	85.9	76.3	0.001
% drugs labeled	100	10.8	29.5	36.7	93.5	25.0	8.5	1.4	17.9	4.5	3.0	22.6	0.002
% patient knowledge	100	44.7	60.0	55.5	46.7	53.3	60.0	71.1	56.7	50.0	46.7	54.7	0.005
Facility-specific indicators
% copy of KEML	100	100	0.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20.0	0.005
% key drugs available	100	94.4	94.4	94.4	55.6	50.0	88.9	94.4	83.3	72.2	72.2	80.0	0.045

1 = Oresi, 2 = Kegogi, 3 = Masimba, 4 = Entanda, 5 = Magena, 6 = Nyamagundo, 7 = Isecha, 8 = Egetuki, 9 = Kionyo, and 10 = Mosocho.