Attenuation of Age-Related Hepatic Steatosis by Dunaliella salina Microalgae in Senescence Rats through the Regulation of Redox Status, Inflammatory Indices, and Apoptotic Biomarkers

Table 2

Effect of D. salina on hepatic biochemical parameters in albino rats with age-related hepatic steatosis.

Groups	Parameters
	Serum ALT (U/ml)	Serum AST (U/ml)	Serum insulin (ng/ml/)	Serum adiponectin (μg/ml)	Serum ApoB 100 (μg/ml)	Hepatic TG (mg/g tissue)	Hepatic TC (mg/g tissue)
Normal	47.85 ± 0.62	89.08 ± 4.08	1.125 ± 0.129	7.04 ± 0.728	10.16 ± 0.508	136.68 ± 5.43	36.27 ± 2.70
D-GAL	123.56 ± 10.66	142.3 ± 6.09	6.06 ± 0.61	1.575 ± 0.226	38.59 ± 2.202	747.69 ± 22.35	135.08 ± 13.23
D-GAL + BDS	81.15 ± 4.08^@	126.7 ± 4.02	2.95 ± 0.22^@	5.74 ± 0.285^@	27.07 ± 1.897^@	611.05 ± 14.58^@	118.425 ± 9.19^@
D-GAL + PDS	75.06 ± 4.68^@	114.02 ± 5.28^@	2.01 ± 0.17^@	5.27 ± 1.129^@	19.03 ± 2.103^@	458.22 ± 14.62^@	103.10 ± 9.78^@
D-GAL + CDS	63.59 ± 6.26^@	105.87 ± 6.2^@	3.25 ± 0.33^@	5.375 ± 0.324^@	19.73 ± 2.601^@	401.49 ± 15.99^@	79.00 ± 6.67^@
D-GAL + ZH	54.32 ± 5.22^@	93.10 ± 6.88^@	2.06 ± 0.02^@	6.5 ± 0.599^@	20.25 ± 0.871^@	374.26 ± 11.14^@	58.83 ± 5.15^@

Age-related hepatic steatosis was induced in rats by injections of D-galactose (200 mg/kg I.P.) for eight weeks. Rats injected with oral D-galactose for two weeks were treated with BDS (450 mg/kg), PDS (30 mg/kg), CDS (30 mg/kg), or ZH (250 μg/kg). Twenty-four hours later, the last dose of the treatment, blood samples were collected and sera were used for ALT and AST measurements. Rats were sacrificed and homogenized, and tissue homogenate was used for TG and TC measurements. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM from the normal value. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey–Kramer test for multiple comparisons. Significantly different from the normal control group at . ^@Significantly different from D-galactose control at .