Adverse Drug Reactions during COVID-19 Treatment: A Comprehensive Analysis Focused on Hospitalized Patients, with the Use of a Survey in Cuba in 2020

Table 1

Characteristics of patients with ADRs and without ADRs hospitalized at HEG-UCI, Pinar del Rio, and IPK, 2020.

Variables/groups		All patients	ADRs	Without ADRs	OR (95% CI)
N		200	110	90
Age (years); Median (CI 95%)		46 (20–76)	56 (34–75)	41 (20–64)	2.36 (1.02–5.44)	0.0059
Patient sex	Male	106	46	60	0.40 (0.211–0.742)	0.0038
	Female	94	64	30
Ethnicity	Caucasian	145	80	65	—	0.1110
	Mixed race	23	17	5
	Black	32	13	20
Body mass index median ± SD (kg/m^2)		21.2 ± 2.3	20.5 ± 1.2	22.1 ± 2.0	—	0.062
Underlying diseases (chronic heart disease, asthma, stroke, hypertension, and diabetes)
Yes		139	98	41	0.209 (0.11–0.40)	0.0001
No		61	12	49	—
Asymptomatic COVID-19
Yes		65	32	43	—	0.421
No		135	78	50	—
Toxic habits (smoking status active alcoholism)
Yes		75	58	44	—	0.08
No		125	52	46	—

Source: completed surveys that were accessed in a digital database and printed surveys. ADR, adverse drug reaction. Data are n (%) or mean or standard deviation (SD). values in bold italic show variables that are statistically significant. OR odd ratio. CI confidential interval. Underlying diseases included hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, and allergy. Source: completed surveys accessed in a digital database and printed surveys. HEG-UCI: Hospital Ernesto Guevara at University of Informatics’ Science (HEG-UCI acronyms in Spanish) IPK-Institute Pedro Kourí. Period of hospitalization from April to July 2020.