The Effect of G. applanatum Crude Polysaccharide Extract on Proinflammatory Cytokines and Proapoptotic Caspases in HeLa Cell Line: An In Vitro Study

Figure 4

Effect of G. applanatum crude polysaccharide extracts on proinflammatory cytokine parameters. (a) TNF-α levels, (b) IFN-γ levels, (c) IL-2 levels, and (d) IL-12 levels. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6).  < 0.0001 compared to the negative group (K−).  < 0.001 compared to the negative group (K−).  < 0.01 compared to the negative group (K−).  < 0.05 compared to the negative group (K−). ^## < 0.01 compared to the positive group (K+). ^# < 0.05 compared to the positive group (K+). K−: negative control; K+: positive control; P1: G. applanatum crude polysaccharide extract 100 µg/mL; P2: G. applanatum crude polysaccharide extract 200 µg/mL. TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α, IFN-γ: interferon-γ, IL-2: interleukin-2, and IL-12: interleukin-12.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)