Renoprotective Effect of Thai Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with SGLT-2 Inhibitors versus DPP-4 Inhibitors: A Real-World Observational Study

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of patients receiving SGLT2i and DPP4i.

Characteristics	SGLT-2 inhibitors (n = 388)	DPP-4 inhibitors (n = 691)
Male, n (%)	175 (45.10)	317 (45.88)
Age (year), median (IQR)	64 (49–79)	66 (50–82)
BMI (kg/m^2), mean (95% CI)	26.70 (25.57–27.83)	25.76 (24.92–26.59)
Blood pressure (mmHg), mean (95% CI)
Systolic	136.98 (133.91–140.05)	139.04 (136.16–141.91)
Diastolic	73.72 (71.82–75.61)	73.83 (71.82–75.61)
Never smoking, n (%)	294 (75.77)	451 (65.27)
Comorbidities, n (%)
Hypertension	171 (50.59)	352 (50.94)
Dyslipidaemia	94 (24.23)	198 (28.25)
Coronary artery diseases	30 (8.88)	79 (11.43)
Concurrent medication, n (%)
Metformin	121 (31.19)	206 (29.81)
Sulfonylureas	161 (41.49)	342 (49.49)
NSAIDs	217 (55.93)	291 (42.11)
ACEIs/ARBs	134 (34.54)	246 (35.60)
Renal function, mean (95% CI)
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	0.90 (0.84–0.96)	1.11 (1.02–1.20)
BUN (mg/dL)	15.66 (14.60–16.72)	17.76 (16.55–18.97)
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	75.77 (73.18–78.35)	60.64 (57.87–63.41)
FBS (mg/dL), mean (95% CI)	192.42 (180.76–204.08)	188.46 (176.17–200.75)
HbA1c (%), mean (95% CI)	8.82 (8.49–9.15)	8.50 (8.22–8.79)
Lipid profile (mg/dL), mean (95% CI)
LDL cholesterol	124.36 (117.67–131.45)	118.86 (111.63–126.09)
HDL cholesterol	47.15 (45.24–49.06)	47.21 (44.69–49.74)
Triglyceride	159.76 (143.30–176.23)	166.36 (150.16–182.55)
Total cholesterol	190.19 (181.35–199.03)	184.59 (175.25–193.93)
Liver function (U/L), mean (95% CI)
AST	26.45 (24.25–28.65)	26.77 (24.45–29.08)
ALT	24.97 (22.26–27.68)	25.46 (22.39–28.53)

NSAIDs include aspirin.