Development of White Cabbage, Coffee, and Red Onion Extracts as Natural Phosphodiesterase-4B (PDE4B) Inhibitors for Cognitive Dysfunction: In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Figure 7

Mechanism of action of cabbage, coffee, and red onion extracts. GPCR = G-protein coupled receptor, GDP = guanosine diphosphate, GTP = guanosine triphosphate, AC = adenylyl cyclase, ATP = adenosine triphosphate, cAMP = cyclic adenosine monophosphate, 5′-AMP = 5-adenosine monophosphate, PKA = protein kinase (A) BDNF = brain-derived neurotrophic factor, CREB = cAMP-response element binding, pCREB = phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding.