Sr. no. Test compound Structure Biological activity References 1. White cabbage A Glucosinolates 1 Sinigrin (PubChem ID: 6911854) Wound healing and antiproliferative properties [52 –54 ] 2 Progoitrin (PubChem ID: 5281139) Antithyroid activity [52 , 55 ] 3 4-Methoxyglucobrassicin (PubChem ID: 9576738) Antioxidative activity [52 , 56 ] 4 Glucobrassicin (PubChem ID: 6602378) Antioxidant activity [52 , 57 ] 5 Gluconapin (PubChem ID: 9548620) Hypotriglyceridemia [52 , 58 ] 6 4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin (PubChem ID: 656561) Antioxidant activity [52 , 59 ] 7 Glucoalyssin (PubChem ID: 656523) Antimicrobial activity [60 , 61 ] 8 Glucobrassicanapin (PubChem ID: 5485207) Antioxidant activity [60 , 62 ] B Flavonoids 9 Rutin (PubChem ID: 5280805) Anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiamyloidogenic activities [63 –66 ] 10 Quercetin (PubChem ID: 5280343) Antiamyloidogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities [63 , 66 , 67 ] 11 Catechin (PubChem ID: 9064) Antioxidant, antibacterial, and antimetastatic activities [63 , 68 –70 ] 12 Kaempferol (PubChem ID: 5280863) Antimicrobial, antioxidant antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities [63 , 71 –73 ] 13 Luteolin (PubChem ID: 5280445) Antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiallergic, and neuropharmacological activities [63 , 74 –77 ] 14 Cyanidin (PubChem ID: 128861) Antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and DNA cleavage-protecting activities [63 , 78 –81 ] C Phenolic acids 15 Chlorogenic acid (PubChem ID: 1794427) Antiulcerogenic, antioxidant, antihepatitis B virus, and DNA-protective activities [82 –87 ] 16 p-Coumaric acid (PubChem ID: 637542) Antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and antibacterial activities [63 , 88 –90 ] 17 Caffeic acid (PubChem ID: 689043) Antihepatitis B virus and antioxidant activities [63 , 85 , 91 , 92 ] 18 Gallic acid (PubChem ID: 370) Antifungal, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant activities and antibacterial activity [63 , 93 –95 ] D Other classes of compounds 19 Alpha-tocopherol (PubChem ID: 14985) Antioxidant [96 , 97 ] 20 Ascorbic acid (PubChem ID: 54670067) Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities [98 , 99 ] 21 β -carotene (PubChem ID: 5280489)Antioxidant, antitumor, and anticancer activities [100 –103 ] 22 Violaxanthin (PubChem ID: 448438) Antiproliferative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory [104 –108 ] 23 Neoxanthin (PubChem ID: 5282217) Antiproliferative and apoptosis in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells activities [104 , 109 , 110 ] 2. Coffee E Phenolic acids 24 Chlorogenic acid Same as no. 15 Same as no. 15 [37 ] 25 Cryptochlorogenic acid (PubChem ID: 9798666) Anti-inflammatory [111 –114 ] 26 Neochlorogenic acid (PubChem ID: 5280633) Anti-inflammatory [111 , 115 ] F Alkaloids 27 Caffeine (PubChem ID: 2519) Cognitive enhancing, hepatoprotective activity [37 , 116 –118 ] 28 Trigonelline (PubChem ID: 5570) Anti-invasive, antitumor, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities [37 , 119 –122 ] 3. Red onion G Flavonoids 29 Quercetin Same as no. 10 Same as no. 10 [123 ] 30 Quercetin 3,4′-diglucoside (PubChem ID: 5320835) Antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activities [124 , 125 ] 31 Quercetin 4′-O-glucoside (PubChem ID: 12442954) Antioxidant activity [124 , 126 ] 32 Myricetin (PubChem ID: 5281672) Anticancer, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory activities [127 –131 ] 33 Taxifolin (PubChem ID: 439533) Anti-inflammatory, digestive enzymes inhibitory, antihyperglycemic, and antiglycation activities [132 –136 ] 34 Laricitrin (PubChem ID: 5282154) Anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-hypertension [132 , 137 –139 ] 35 Rutin Same as no. 9 Same as no. 9 [140 ] 36 Isorhamnetin (PubChem ID: 5281654) Antituberculosis, antiplatelet, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant activities [141 –147 ] 37 Hyperoside (PubChem ID: 5281643) Antiviral, antifungal, antiplatelet, anticancer, and antioxidant activities [132 , 148 –152 ] 38 Spiraeoside (PubChem ID: 5320844) Antitumor, antioxidant, antiviral, antiradical, and enzyme inhibitory activities [132 , 153 , 154 ] 39 Tectorigenin (PubChem ID: 5281811) Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal activity, and antineuroinflammatory activities [132 , 155 –158 ] H Phenolic acids 40 Ferulic acid (PubChem ID: 445858) Antibacterial, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities [93 , 159 –161 ] 41 Protocatechuic acid (PubChem ID: 72) Antioxidant, antihyperlipidaemic, and antibacterial activities [159 , 162 –165 ] 42 p-Coumaric acid Same as no. 16 Same as no. 16 [124 ] 43 Caffeic acid Same as no. 17 Same as no. 17 [124 ] 44 Chlorogenic acid Same as no. 15 Same as no. 15 [124 ] I Organosulfurs 45 Onionin A Antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic, antitumoral, and antimetastatic activities [166 –169 ] 46 Cycloalliin (PubChem ID: 12305351) Antioxidant activity [170 , 171 ] 47 Isoalliin (PubChem ID: 5281112) Antibacterial activity [172 , 173 ] 48 Methiin (PubChem ID: 9578071) Antidiabetic and antioxidative activities [172 , 174 ] 49 Propiin (PubChem ID: 91819955) — [172 ] 50 Allicin (PubChem ID: 65036) Antioxidant, antibacterial, antimalarial, and antimicrobial activities [175 –179 ] 51 Alliin (PubChem ID: 9576089) Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities [172 , 180 –182 ] 52 S-methyl-L-cysteine (PubChem ID: 24417) Antibacterial and antimicrobial activities [172 , 183 –185 ] 53 S-ethylcysteine (PubChem ID: 25203803) Antioxidative and antiglycative activities [172 , 186 ] 54 S-propyl-L-cysteine (PubChem ID: 125198) Antioxidant, antibacterial activities, and anticancer activities [172 , 187 , 188 ] 55 S-allyl-cysteine (PubChem ID: 9793905) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities [172 , 189 , 190 ] 56 S-propylmercapto-cysteine (PubChem ID: 192762) Antioxidant activity [172 , 191 ] 57 Trisulfide dipropyl (PubChem ID: 22383) Antimicrobial activity [172 , 192 ] 58 Diallyl disulfide (PubChem ID: 16590) Antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activities [172 , 193 , 194 ] 59 Diisopropyl disulfide (PubChem ID: 77932) Antioxidative activity [172 , 195 ] 60 Methyl propenyl disulfide (PubChem ID: 5366552) Antioxidant, antibacterial, and antimicrobial activities [172 , 196 , 197 ] 61 6-Methyl-4,5-dithia-1-heptene (PubChem ID: 525503) — [172 ] J Anthocyanin 62 Cyanidin 3-glucoside (PubChem ID: 12303220) — [198 ] 63 Cyanidin 3-laminaribioside (PubChem ID: 44256721) Antioxidant activity [141 , 199 , 200 ] 64 Cyanidin 3-malonylglucoside (PubChem ID: 10143380) Antimicrobial and antiobesity activities [141 , 201 –203 ] 65 Petunidin 3′-glucoside acetate (PubChem ID: 443651) Antioxidant activity [141 , 204 ] 66 Malvidin 3′-glucoside (PubChem ID: 11249520) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities [141 , 205 , 206 ] 67 Peonidin-3′-glucoside (PubChem ID: 443654) Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities [141 , 207 , 208 ]
