Manufacturing and Separation Characteristics of Hemodialysis Membranes to Improve Toxin Removal Rate

Figure 5

AFM surface topography image PESVP membranes: (a) PESVP0-1; (b) PESVP1-1; (c) PESVP2-1; (d) PESVP3-1.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)