Research Article

Investigating the Effects of Nonsolvent Additive and Spinning Conditions on Morphology and Permeation of PAN Hollow Fiber Membranes

Figure 12

Effect of take-up speed on cross sectional morphologies of PAN hollow fibers: (a) 150x magnification; (b) 500x magnification; (c) 10000x magnification (T0: free fall; T10: 10% stretch; T20: 20% stretch).