Polylactic Acid-Based Film Modified with Nano-Ag-Graphene-TiO₂: New Film versus Recycled Film

Table 4

Characteristics of the new and recycled nano-Ag-graphene-TiO₂-PLA films.

Characteristic		New film	Recycled film	Neat PLA
Grammage (g/m^2)		39.6 ± 8.54^a	41.66 ± 5.68^a	40.95 ± 4.24^a
Thickness (µm)		79 ± 2.57^a	75 ± 0.87^a	23 ± 1.68^b
Breaking length (%) according to SR EN ISO 1924-2:2009		4.11 ± 0.45^a	6.19 ± 0.42^b	15.28 ± 2.45^c
Tearing resistance (mN) according to SR EN ISO 1974:2012		120 ± 5.46^a	190 ± 4.23^b	100 ± 3.61^a
Slashing resistance (kPa) according to SR EN ISO 2758:2015		167 ± 5.89^a	207 ± 4.28^b	135 ± 5.63^c
Folding resistance (no.) according to SR ISO 5626:1996		3,484 ± 21^a	3,998 ± 35^b	3,452 ± 42^a
Oxygen transmission rate (OTR) (cm^3/m^2 × day)		480 ± 156^a	393 ± 89^b	719 ± 91^c
Opacity (a.u. at 600 nm)		0.328 ± 0.013^a	0.304 ± 0.013^a	0.921 ± 0.56^b
Ash (%)		0.49 ± 0.0045^a	0.4 ± 0.088^a	0.03 ± 0.001^b
pH		5.86 ± 0.04^a	5.72 ± 0.089^a	5.91 ± 0.09^a
Electrical conductivity (µS/cm)		26.43 ± 3.15^a	33.3 ± 7.23^b	13.2 ± 5.82^c
Water vapor permeability (WVP) (g/s m Pa) × 10^10		6.903 ± 0.85^a	7.98 ± 1.05^b	3.13 ± 0.85^c
Grease permeability (%)		0	0	0
Antioxidant activity (%)		13.3 ± 0.24^a	10.15 ± 0.37^b	14.57 ± 0.26^c
Solubility in simulant A (distilled water) (%)	20°C	5.54 ± 0.54^a	0.4 ± 0.01^b	3.52 ± 0.57^c
	4°C	8.6 ± 0.79^a	2.4 ± 0.08^b	3.99 ± 0.42^c
Solubility in simulant B (acetic acid 3%) (%)	20°C	5.54 ± 0.42^a	12.1 ± 1.47^b	3.36 ± 0.42^c
	4°C	7.81 ± 1.23^a	6.2 ± 0.21^b	1.91 ± 0.21^c
Solubility in simulant C (ethanol 65%) (%)	20°C	3.8 ± 0.22^a	1 ± 0.04^b	3.61 ± 0.47^c
	4°C	3.5 ± 0.24^a	5.9 ± 0.99^b	4.28 ± 0.98^c

In each line, mean values with different letters (^a,b,c) are significantly different at (one-way ANOVA—Tukey’s test).