Effects of Replacement Cold Press Poppy Seed (Papaver somniferum) Oil to Fish Oil at Different Proportions on the Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, and Digestive Tracks Histopathology in Juvenile Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Table 1

Formulation, proximate composition, and fatty acid content of the experimental diets in different proportions of poppy seeds (0% PSO0, 25% PSO25, 50% PSO50, 75% PSO75, and 100% PSO100).

%	PSO0	PSO25	PSO50	PSO75	PSO100	value
Fish meal	21	21	21	21	21
Soybean meal	38	38	38	38	38
Corn starch	16	16	16	16	16
Wheat flour	15	15	15	15	15
Vit.-min. Mix	4	4	4	4	4
Fish oil	6	4.50	3	1.50	—
Poppy seed oil	—	1.50	3	4.50	6
g/100 g diet	Nutritional content
Crude protein	35.08	35.12	35.14	35.06	35.14
Crude lipid	8.56	8.61	8.42	8.55	8.51
Crude ash	5.20	5.16	5.17	5.24	5.16
Crude cellulose	3.53	3.51	3.50	3.50	3.53
NFE	47.63	47.60	47.77	47.63	47.66
%	Fatty acid content^a
C8:0	0.33 ± 0.02^a	0.26 ± 0.00^b	0.22 ± 0.02^bc	0.18 ± 0.02^c	0.23 ± 0.01^bc	0.002
C10 : 0	n.d	n.d	n.d	n.d	n.d	n.d
C12 : 0	1.08 ± 0.07^a	0.83 ± 0.02^b	0.64 ± 0.05^c	0.52 ± 0.04^c	0.60 ± 0.02^c	<0.001
C13 : 0	1.27 ± 0.08	0.84 ± 0.01	0.66 ± 0.06	0.54 ± 0.05	n.d	<0.001
C14 : 0	7.70 ± 0.07^a	2.67 ± 0.16^b	4.12 ± 0.24^c	2.63 ± 0.17^d	1.03 ± 0.02^e	<0.001
C16 : 0	20.35 ± 0.25^a	18.18 ± 0.24^b	15.87 ± 0.88^c	14.87 ± 0.74^c	10.06 ± 0.01^d	<0.001
C16 : 1 (n−7)	5.63 ± 0.10^a	4.32 ± 0.06^b	3.12 ± 0.21^c	2.01 ± 0.09^d	0.78 ± 0.10^e	<0.001
C17 : 0	1.93 ± 0.05^a	1.45 ± 0.00^b	1.11 ± 0.08^c	0.82 ± 0.06^d	0.78 ± 0.05^d	<0.001
C18 : 0	5.35 ± 0.03^a	4.57 ± 0.02^b	3.89 ± 0.25^c	3.57 ± 0.20^c	2.80 ± 0.02^d	<0.001
C18 : 1 (n−9 cis)	8.53 ± 0.37	8.89 ± 0.12	5.60 ± 4.86	6.13 ± 5.83	9.21 ± 0.16	0.748
C18 : 2 (n−6 cis 9,12)	3.17 ± 0.12^e	20.57 ± 0.10^d	39.44 ± 1.84^c	51.43 ± 3.50^b	66.52 ± 0.45^a	<0.001
C20 : 0	1.89 ± 0.10^a	1.44 ± 0.00^b	1.15 ± 0.08^c	0.92 ± 0.07^c	0.99 ± 0.02^c	<0.001
C18 : 3 (n−3)	2.12 ± 0.06^a	1.72 ± 0.01^b	1.46 ± 0.07^c	1.28 ± 0.07^cd	1.19 ± 0.02^d	<0.001
C20 : 1 (n−9)	1.53 ± 0.00^a	1.19 ± 0.09^ab	1.10 ± 0.09^bc	0.89 ± 0.17^bc	0.77 ± 0.03^c	0.004
C21 : 0	1.40 ± 0.09^a	1.04 ± 0.00^b	0.83 ± 0.07^bc	0.65 ± 0.03^c	0.80 ± 0.02^c	<0.001
C22 : 0	1.43 ± 0.09^a	1.02 ± 0.02^b	0.85 ± 0.06^bc	0.68 ± 0.05^c	0.78 ± 0.02^c	<0.001
C20 : 3 (n−3)	1.12 ± 0.00^a	0.83 ± 0.00^b	0.66 ± 0.04^c	0.52 ± 0.04^d	n.d	<0.001
C20 : 4 (n−6 cis)	1.42 ± 0.02	1.08 ± 0.00	0.82 ± 0.06	0.58 ± 0.00	n.d	<0.001
C23 : 0	1.25 ± 0.08^a	0.93 ± 0.01^b	0.75 ± 0.07^bc	0.62 ± 0.05^c	0.75 ± 0.02^bc	<0.001
C20 : 5 (n−3 cis)	9.55 ± 0.12^a	7.30 ± 0.00^b	5.24 ± 0.27^c	3.26 ± 0.21^d	0.91 ± 0.00^e	<0.001
C24 : 0	1.16 ± 0.07^a	0.88 ± 0.00^b	0.70 ± 0.05^bc	0.57 ± 0.05^c	0.67 ± 0.00^c	<0.001
C24 : 1 (n−9 cis)	1.59 ± 0.13^a	0.85 ± 0.02^b	0.79 ± 0.03^bc	0.52 ± 0.04^c	n.d	<0.001
C21 : 5 (n−3 cis)	1.38 ± 0.03^a	1.09 ± 0.04^b	0.77 ± 0.02^c	0.56 ± 0.01^d	n.d	<0.001
22 : 6 (n−3 cis)	18.87 ± 0.01^a	14.75 ± 0.31^b	10.14 ± 0.48^c	6.15 ± 0.12^d	1.07 ± 0.00^e	<0.001
∑ω3	23.38 ± 0.26^a	18.24 ± 0.32^b	13.02 ± 0.69^c	8.58 ± 0.30^d	3.02 ± 0.05^e	<0.001
∑ω6	4.60 ± 0.15^e	21.66 ± 0.10^d	40.27 ± 1.91^c	52.02 ± 3.50^b	66.52 ± 0.45^a	<0.001
∑ω9	5.08 ± 0.11^a	0.84 ± 0.02^b	0.32 ± 0.00^c	0.16 ± 0.00^cd	0.04 ± 0.00^d	<0.001

^a, data represent mean ± SD from two replicates for each analyses (n = 10). Values with different letters in the same row indicate significant differences between their groups ().