Increasing Phosphorus Digestibility in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Farming Using Phytase and Citric Acid

Table 5

Biochemical parameter values for blood plasma.

Parameter	C	L	H	LA	HA
ALB (g/l)	8.16 ± 1.91	7.62 ± 3.10	9.25 ± 1.28	6.97 ± 1.78	7.15 ± 1.64
ALP (μkat/l)	0.92 ± 0.46	1 ± 0.60	0.83 ± 0.66	0.53 ± 0.41	0.82 ± 0.50
ALT (μkat/l)	0.09 ± 0.04	0.07 ± 0.02	0.06 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.05	0.06 ± 0.02
AST (μkat/l)	2.6 ± 1.13	2.29 ± 1.32	1.91 ± 0.79	2.67 ± 1.06	2.63 ± 0.63
CHOL (mmol/l)	3.83 ± 0.77	3.81 ± 0.45	4.16 ± 1.06	4.38 ± 0.48	4.3 ± 0.77
CREA (μmol/l)	12.82 ± 11.27^a	9.51 ± 2.54^a,b	10.47 ± 2.79^a	5.2 ± 2.22^b	7.02 ± 2.45^a,b
UREA (mmol/l)	1.34 ± 0.23	1.4 ± 0.26	1.45 ± 0.26	1.19 ± 0.28	1.13 ± 0.28
GLUC (mmol/l)	4.62 ± 1.17	5.19 ± 1.64	4.75 ± 1.10	4.43 ± 1.37	4.62 ± 0.90
LDH (μkat/l)	7.03 ± 5.53	3.24 ± 3.63	2.52 ± 2.86	3.58 ± 1.90	4.24 ± 3.97
LACT (mmol/l)	3.37 ± 1.16	3.56 ± 1.20	3.57 ± 1.08	3.82 ± 1.48	4.72 ± 1.20
TAG (mmol/l)	3.01 ± 0.95	2.78 ± 0.52	2.8 ± 0.77	2.53 ± 0.58	2.47 ± 0.48
TP (g/l)	28.82 ± 2.3	28.97 ± 1.88	29.32 ± 2.17	26.52 ± 1.47	26.97 ± 1.94
Pi (mmol/l)	2.36 ± 0.56^a	2.33 ± 0.33^a	2.23 ± 0.47^a	2.68 ± 0.62^a,b	3.27 ± 0.49^b
Ca (mmol/l)	2.37 ± 0.11	2.26 ± 0.19	2.5 ± 0.22	2.41 ± 0.19	2.58 ± 0.24
Mg (mmol/l)	1.07 ± 0.09^a	1.06 ± 0.18^a	1.04 ± 0.12^a	1.04 ± 0.12^a	1.16 ± 0.12^a
Fe (μmol/l)	68.36 ± 14.56	72.01 ± 12.55	70.86 ± 15.17	54.06 ± 10.42	59.81 ± 18.68
Na (mmol/l)	142.76 ± 2.42	140.36 ± 3.09	142.31 ± 1.79	139.57 ± 1.68	142.19 ± 2.55
K (mmol/l)	4.99 ± 0.76	4.71 ± 0.78	4.61 ± 0.80	4.98 ± 0.94	5.1 ± 0.58
Cl^− (mmol/l)	111.51 ± 2.58	110.89 ± 2.04	110.37 ± 3.15	112.5 ± 1.58	111.31 ± 3.23

Data represent mean ± SD, n = 10 (C, control; L, low enzyme concentration; H, high enzyme concentration; LA, low enzyme concentration with citric acid; HA, high enzyme concentration with citric acid). ALB, albumin; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CHOL, cholesterol; CREA, creatine; GLUC, glucose; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LACT, lactate; TAG, triacylglycerol; TP, total protein; Pi, inorganic phosphate; Ca, calcium; Mg, magnesium; Fe, iron; Na, sodium; K, potassium; Cl⁻, chlorides. Significant differences (hierarchical ANOVA) are indicated by different indices (a, b), the same index (a) across all the experimental diets indicating an overall significant effect of the treatment without the possibility of distinguishing between diets.