Effects of Acetoin on Growth Performance, Digestive Function, Antioxidant Status, and Immune Capacity of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Table 1

Approximate composition of Micropterus salmoides diet during 45 d (g·kg⁻¹).

item	Control (%)	0.3% AC (%)	0.6% AC (%)	0.9% AC (%)
Shrimp shell powder a (CP 65.36%)	50	50	50	50
Chicken porridge (CP 12.48%)	10	10	10	10
Soyabean protein (CP 44.62%)	10	10	10	10
Wheat flour b (CP 13.58%)	5	5	5	5
Yeast powder c (CP 12.43%)	5	5	5	5
Compound vitamin d	5	5	5	5
Mineral elements e	5	5	5	5
Peanut oil f	8	8	8	8
Aquatic feed adhesive g	2	2	2	2
Acetoin	0	0.3	0.6	0.9

a: shrimp shell powder (Guangdong Zhongsi Industrial Co., Ltd., China); b: chicken porridge (Guangdong Zhongsi Industrial Co., Ltd., China); c: soyabean protein (Shandong Hengfeng Flour Co., Ltd., China); d: wheat flour (Shandong Hengfeng flour Co., Ltd., China); e: yeast powder (Qingdao Huiruiyuan yeast powder Co., Ltd., China); f: compound vitamin (retinol acetate 30 mg; alpha-tocopherol 60 mg; ascorbic acid 600 mg; vitamin K3 7 mg; riboflavin 20 mg; vitamin B12 0.05 mg; inositol 100 mg; pantothenic acid 50 mg; niacin acid 35 mg; folic acid 8 mg; and biotin 0.06 mg); g: mineral elements (CuSO₄·5H₂O 20 mg; FeSO₄ 200 mg; ZnSO₄ 200 mg; KH₂PO₄ 100 mg; K₂HPO₄ 100 mg; and MnSO₄ 200 mg); h: peanut oil (Shandong Luhua Group Co., Ltd., China); i: aquatic feed adhesive (Qingdao Haixingyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., China); j: acetoin (Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., China).