Aquaculture Research

Research Article

Live Microalgae-Based Diets as Enrichment to Improve the Nutritional Profile of the Calanoid Copepod Acartia tonsa (Dana, 1849) Nauplii

Table 3

Proximal composition (lipid, protein, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture content; g/100 g dry weight) and fatty acid composition (mg/g dry weight) of microalgae used as food for live preys, n = 3.


Microalgae	Tetraselmis suecica	Isochrysis galbana	Rhodomonas salina

Lipids	25.1 ± 0.5^c	18.8 ± 0.2^b	14.2 ± 0.6^a
Proteins	29.0 ± 0.7^c	22.6 ± 0.4^b	17.3 ± 0.5^a
Carbohydrates	9.4 ± 0.6^a	11.3 ± 0.7^b	16.1 ± 0.5^c
Ash	36.5 ± 0.7^a	47.3 ± 0.5^b	52.5 ± 0.5^c
Moisture	8.6 ± 0.6^a	10.6 ± 0.7^b	8.1 ± 0.5^a
14 : 0	0.1 ± 0.0^a	1.4 ± 0.1^b	1.8 ± 0.2^c
14 : 1n-5	0.3 ± 0.1^b	0.1 ± 0.0^a	0.1 ± 0.0^a
16 : 0	3.2 ± 0.2^b	0.7 ± 0.0^a	0.8 ± 0.2^a
16 : 1n-7	0.2 ± 0.1^a	0.7 ± 0.1^b	0.9 ± 0.2^b
16 : 3n-1	3.4 ± 0.1	–	–
18 : 0	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.0	0.6 ± 0.5
18 : 1n-9	1.9 ± 0.5^b	3.4 ± 0.2^c	0.5 ± 0.0^a
18 : 1n-7	0.8 ± 0.1^b	0.5 ± 0.1^a	0.3 ± 0.2^a
18 : 2n-6	1.8 ± 0.1^c	1.0 ± 0.0^b	0.7 ± 0.1^a
18 : 3n-6	0.2 ± 0.0^b	0.1 ± 0.0^a	–
18 : 3n-3	4.8 ± 0.0^c	1.7 ± 0.2^a	3.7 ± 0.4^b
18 : 4n-3	3.7 ± 0.2^c	2.8 ± 0.3^b	0.7 ± 0.1^a
20 : 1n-5	0.4 ± 0.1	–	–
20 : 2n-6	0.1 ± 0.0	–	–
20 : 4n-6 ARA	0.3 ± 0.0^b	0.1 ± 0.0^a	–
20 : 3n-3	0.1 ± 0.0	–	–
20 : 4n-3	0.2 ± 0.0^b	0.1 ± 0.0^a	0.1 ± 0.0^a
20 : 5n-3 EPA	2.2 ± 0.2^b	0.6 ± 0.1^a	2.1 ± 0.2^b
22 : 1n-11	–	0.1 ± 0.0	–
22 : 5n-3	–	0.1 ± 0.0	–
22 : 6n-3 DHA	0.1 ± 0.1^a	4.5 ± 0.2^c	1.3 ± 0.1^b
Σn-3¹	11.3 ± 0.3^c	9.8 ± 0.2^b	8.0 ± 0.7^a
Σn-6²	2.4 ± 0.1^c	1.2 ± 0.1^b	0.7 ± 0.1^a
Σn-9³	2.3 ± 0.2^b	3.9 ± 0.2^c	0.5 ± 0.0^a
ΣSAFAs⁴	3.5 ± 0.2^b	2.3 ± 0.1^a	3.5 ± 0.4^b
ΣMUFAs⁵	4.2 ± 0.2^b	5.4 ± 0.2^c	1.9 ± 0.3^a
Σn-3 LC-PUFAs⁶	2.6 ± 0.2^a	5.3 ± 0.3^c	3.6 ± 0.3^b
ratio n-3/n-6	4.7 ± 0.4^a	8.2 ± 0.5^b	10.8 ± 1.5^c
ratio n-3/n-9	4.9 ± 0.4^b	2.5 ± 0.2^a	15.7 ± 0.8^c
ratio n-6/n-9	1.1 ± 0.1^b	0.3 ± 0.0^a	1.5 ± 0.3^b
ratio DHA/EPA	0.1 ± 0.1^a	7.6 ± 0.5^c	0.6 ± 0.0^b
ratio DHA/ARA	0.3 ± 0.4^a	71.1 ± 1.2^c	32.6 ± 2.0^b
ratio EPA/ARA	6.6 ± 0.0^a	9.4 ± 0.6^b	52.6 ± 2.5^c

Values (mean ± SD) followed by different superscripts within a row were () significantly different among the three treatments. n, number of replicates; SAFA, saturated fatty acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; LC-PUFA, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid; DHA, docosahexanoic acid; EPA, eicosapentanoic acid; ARA, arachidonic acid. ¹Includes 16 : 3n-3, 16 : 4n-3, 18 : 3n-3, 18 : 4n-3, 20 : 3n-3, 20 : 4n-3, 20 : 5n-3, 22 : 5n-3, and 22 : 6n-3. ²Includes 16 : 2n-6, 18 : 2n-6, 18 : 3n-6, 20 : 2n-6, 20 : 3n-6, 20 : 4n-6, 22 : 4n-6 and 22 : 5n-6. ³Includes 18 : 1n-9, 18 : 2n-9, 20 : 1n-9, 20 : 2n-9, 20 : 3n-9 and 22 : 1n-9.⁴ Includes 14 : 0, 15 : 0, 16 : 0, 17 : 0, 18 : 0, and 20 : 0.⁵Includes 14 : 1n-5, 14 : 1n-7, 15 : 1n-5, 16 : 1n-7, 16 : 1n-5, 18 : 1n-9, 18 : 1n-7, 18 : 1n-5, 20 : 1n-9, 20 : 1n-7, 20 : 1n-5, 22 : 1n-9 and 22 : 1n-11.⁶Includes 20 : 3n-3, 20 : 4n-3, 20 : 5n-3, 22 : 5n-3, and 22 : 6n-3.