Aquaculture Research

Research Article

Live Microalgae-Based Diets as Enrichment to Improve the Nutritional Profile of the Calanoid Copepod Acartia tonsa (Dana, 1849) Nauplii

Table 4

Proximal composition (lipid, protein, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture content; g/100 g dry weight) and fatty acid composition (mg/g dry weight) of rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) fed with three microalgae diets (R, Rhodomonas salina; I–R, Isochrysis galbana + Rhodomonas salina; T–R, Tetraselmis suecica + Rhodomonas salina), n = 5.


Brachionus plicatilis	T–R	I–R	R

Lipids	13.1 ± 1.0^a	15.4 ± 0.8^b	17.3 ± 1.1^c
Proteins	57.4 ± 0.8^ab	58.7 ± 1.6^b	56.2 ± 1.7^a
Carbohydrates	7.8 ± 0.6	8.7 ± 0.9	7.2 ± 1.0
Ash	21.7 ± 0.4^b	17.2 ± 1.7^a	19.4 ± 0.6^a
Moisture	18.6 ± 2.1^b	14.6 ± 1.5^a	13.6 ± 2.1^a
14 : 0	0.2 ± 0.1^a	0.2 ± 0.1^a	0.9 ± 0.1^b
14 : 1n-5	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.1
16 : 0	1.6 ± 0.4^a	1.6 ± 0.2^a	2.6 ± 0.3^b
16 : 1n-7	0.3 ± 0.1^a	0.5 ± 0.1^ab	0.7 ± 0.1^b
16 : 3n-1	0.2 ± 0.0	–	–
18 : 0	0.4 ± 0.1^a	0.5 ± 0.0^a	0.8 ± 0.1^b
18 : 1n-9	1.3 ± 0.4^ab	1.7 ± 0.2^b	1.0 ± 0.1^a
18 : 1n-7	0.6 ± 0.1^a	0.5 ± 0.1^a	0.9 ± 0.1^b
18 : 2n-6	0.8 ± 0.2^ab	1.2 ± 0.3^b	0.6 ± 0.0^a
18 : 3n-6	0.1 ± 0.0	–	–
18 : 3n-3	1.7 ± 0.5^a	1.4 ± 0.2^a	2.7 ± 0.3^b
18 : 4n-3	0.7 ± 0.3	0.5 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1
20 : 1n-5	0.6 ± 0.2	0.5 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1
20 : 2n-6	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.0
20 : 4n-6 ARA	0.2 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.0
20 : 3n-3	0.2 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.0	0.2 ± 0.1
20 : 4n-3	1.0 ± 0.3	0.9 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.0
20 : 5n-3 EPA	1.1 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.1
22 : 1n-11	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.1
22 : 5n-3	0.3 ± 0.0	0.3 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.1
22 : 6n-3 DHA	0.5 ± 0.1^a	1.4 ± 0.1^c	0.8 ± 0.1^b
Σn-3¹	5.7 ± 1.3	6.1 ± 0.6	7.0 ± 0.5
Σn-6²	1.3 ± 0.2^ab	1.7 ± 0.3^b	1.2 ± 0.1^a
Σn-9³	2.0 ± 0.4	2.0 ± 0.2	2.0 ± 0.3
ΣSAFAs⁴	2.4 ± 0.5^a	2.5 ± 0.3^a	4.4 ± 0.5^b
ΣMUFAs⁵	4.0 ± 0.8^ab	3.9 ± 0.4^a	4.9 ± 0.3^b
Σn-3 LC-PUFAs⁶	3.0 ± 0.6^a	4.1 ± 0.3^b	3.4 ± 0.2^a
ratio n-3/n-6	4.4 ± 1.1^ab	3.7 ± 0.4^a	6.1 ± 0.8^b
ratio n-3/n-9	2.9 ± 0.8	3.0 ± 0.2	3.6 ± 0.7
ratio n-6/n-9	0.7 ± 0.2^ab	0.8 ± 0.1^b	0.6 ± 0.0^a
ratio DHA/EPA	0.5 ± 0.1^a	1.0 ± 0.1^c	0.7 ± 0.0^b
ratio DHA/ARA	2.8 ± 0.5^a	7.4 ± 2.2^b	3.7 ± 0.6^a
ratio EPA/ARA	5.7 ± 2.0	7.2 ± 1.7	5.5 ± 1.1

Values (mean ± SD) followed by different superscripts within a row were () significantly different among the three treatments. n, number of replicates; SAFA, saturated fatty acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; LC-PUFA, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid; DHA, docosahexanoic acid; EPA, eicosapentanoic acid; ARA, arachidonic acid. ¹Includes 16 : 3n-3, 16 : 4n-3, 18 : 3n-3, 18 : 4n-3, 20 : 3n-3, 20 : 4n-3, 20 : 5n-3, 22 : 5n-3, and 22 : 6n-3. ²Includes 16 : 2n-6, 18 : 2n-6, 18 : 3n-6, 20 : 2n-6, 20 : 3n-6, 20 : 4n-6, 22 : 4n-6 and 22 : 5n-6. ³Includes 18 : 1n-9, 18 : 2n-9, 20 : 1n-9, 20 : 2n-9, 20 : 3n-9 and 22 : 1n-9. ⁴ Includes 14 : 0, 15 : 0, 16 : 0, 17 : 0, 18 : 0, and 20 : 0. ⁵Includes 14 : 1n-5, 14 : 1n-7, 15 : 1n-5, 16 : 1n-7, 16 : 1n-5, 18 : 1n-9, 18 : 1n-7, 18 : 1n-5, 20 : 1n-9, 20 : 1n-7, 20 : 1n-5, 22 : 1n-9 and 22 : 1n-11. ⁶Includes 20 : 3n-3, 20 : 4n-3, 20 : 5n-3, 22 : 5n-3, and 22 : 6n-3.